{"id":27141,"date":"2024-09-28T18:26:06","date_gmt":"2024-09-28T16:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=27141"},"modified":"2024-10-02T18:30:57","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:30:57","slug":"elektromobily-se-ekonomicky-vyplati-zlom-nastane-az-presvedci-i-prakticnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/elektromobily-se-ekonomicky-vyplati-zlom-nastane-az-presvedci-i-prakticnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektromobily se ekonomicky vyplat\u00ed. Zlom nastane, a\u017e p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i prakti\u010dnost\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dasp\u011bch rozvoje elektromobility stoj\u00ed na t\u0159ech pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch. Prvn\u00edm z\u00a0nich je dostupnost a\u00a0cenov\u00e1 konkurenceschopnost samotn\u00fdch automobil\u016f. Druhou kl\u00ed\u010dovou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed je rozvoj infrastruktury pro nab\u00edjen\u00ed a\u00a0t\u0159et\u00ed je cena samotn\u00e9ho \u201epaliva\u201c. Opravdov\u00fdm zlomov\u00fdm bodem bude pro v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed chv\u00edle, kdy budou samotn\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee elektromobilita je pro n\u011b ekonomicky i\u00a0prakticky v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm ne\u017e spalovac\u00ed motory.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice m\u00e1me aktu\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159es 5200 nab\u00edjec\u00edch bod\u016f a\u00a0asi t\u0159icet tis\u00edc registrovan\u00fdch elektromobil\u016f. S\u00a0t\u00edmto pom\u011brem i\u00a0s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st majitel\u016f elektromobil\u016f m\u00e1 mo\u017enost dob\u00edjet mimo ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 stanice, je vyt\u00ed\u017eenost ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch nab\u00edjec\u00edch bod\u016f p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159\u00edprocentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

U\u017e dnes je elektromobilita velmi zaj\u00edmavou alternativou pro v\u0161echny, kdo maj\u00ed mo\u017enost dob\u00edjet automobil p\u0159es den v\u00a0pr\u00e1ci nebo p\u0159es noc \u010di\u00a0o\u00a0v\u00edkendu doma. Elektromobilist\u00e9 pak jezd\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu \u010dasu bez pot\u0159eby zastavovat za \u00fa\u010delem dopln\u011bn\u00ed energie.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed zku\u0161enost ukazuje, \u017ee majitel elektromobilu s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupem k\u00a0t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9 z\u00e1suvce, kter\u00fd tr\u00e1v\u00ed na cest\u00e1ch hodn\u011b \u010dasu a\u00a0ro\u010dn\u011b najede p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b sedmdes\u00e1t tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f, jezd\u00ed zhruba ze sedmdes\u00e1ti procent bez pot\u0159eby vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch dob\u00edjec\u00edch stanic. S\u00a0t\u00edm souvis\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i\u00a0ekonomick\u00fd pohled na provoz, proto\u017ee dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u201epomal\u00e9 no\u010dn\u00ed nab\u00edjen\u00ed\u201c st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdm proudem (AC) je ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi m\u00edsty znateln\u011b, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o\u00a0pades\u00e1t procent, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Je\u0161t\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed je, kdy\u017e m\u00e1te mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt elekt\u0159inu vyrobenou vlastn\u00ed fotovoltaikou. V\u00a0takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jezd\u00edte s\u00a0elektromobilem doslova za zlomek ceny ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0jak\u00fdmkoli autem se spalovac\u00edm motorem.<\/p>\n

Rychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjen\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed. Je t\u0159eba ultrarychl\u00e9<\/strong><\/h4>\n

P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na del\u0161\u00edch cest\u00e1ch je pro \u0159idi\u010de logicky z\u00e1sadn\u00edm hlediskem na provoz elektromobilu rychlost dopln\u011bn\u00ed \u201epaliva\u201c. Napln\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee benzinem \u010di\u00a0naftou trv\u00e1 spolu se zaplacen\u00edm v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na provozu na dan\u00e9 \u010derpac\u00ed stanici \u0159ekn\u011bme sedm a\u017e deset minut. Pro \u0159idi\u010de elektromobilu je pak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl, jestli dob\u00edj\u00ed sv\u00e9 auto dvacet nebo 35 minut. Zde je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee rychlost nab\u00edjen\u00ed baterie elektromobilu z\u00e1vis\u00ed na dvou v\u011bcech: na v\u00fdkonu dob\u00edjec\u00ed stanice a\u00a0schopnosti automobilu dan\u00fd v\u00fdkon vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina elektromobil\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou aktu\u00e1ln\u011b na trhu, umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017e\u00edt dob\u00edjec\u00ed v\u00fdkon 100 a\u017e 210 kilowatt\u016f. P\u0159es 740\u00a0 takzvan\u00fdch rychlodob\u00edjec\u00edch DC stanic v\u00a0\u010cesku nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159itom maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon 50 a\u017e 75 kilowatt\u016f, tedy m\u00e9n\u011b, ne\u017e si dok\u00e1\u017ee automobil \u201evz\u00edt\u201c. Tato forma dob\u00edjen\u00ed je proto smyslupln\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad na ulic\u00edch nebo v\u00a0obchodn\u00edch centrech, kde majitel dobije b\u011bhem, \u0159ekn\u011bme, hodiny baterii sv\u00e9ho elektromobilu z\u00a0deseti do devades\u00e1ti procent v\u00a0pr\u016fb\u011bhu vy\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bc\u00ed \u010di\u00a0nakupov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0pokra\u010duje d\u00e1l v\u00a0cest\u011b. Na d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch je rychlodob\u00edjen\u00ed uveden\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem vhodn\u00e9 sp\u00ed\u0161 jako dopl\u0148kov\u00e1 slu\u017eba pro \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 dopln\u011bn\u00ed energie baterie.<\/p>\n

Na d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch se v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b stav\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ultrarychl\u00e9 DC nab\u00edjec\u00ed stanice, kter\u00e9 lze rozd\u011blit do dvou kategori\u00ed. Prvn\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017ee dodat maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon 75 a\u017e 180 kilowatt\u016f, t\u011bch je nyn\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cesku 363 a\u00a0nab\u00edzej\u00ed 683 nab\u00edjec\u00edch m\u00edst, co\u017e u\u017e ud\u011bl\u00e1 v\u00a0kombinaci s\u00a0e-autem, kter\u00e9 um\u00ed v\u00fdkon vyu\u017e\u00edt, spoustu muziky. V\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch p\u0159i\u00a0\u00favaze spot\u0159eby okolo dvaceti kilowatt\u016f na sto kilometr\u016f tak lze s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0nab\u00edjec\u00ed k\u0159ivce dostat do auta b\u011bhem p\u016flhodinov\u00e9ho nab\u00edjen\u00ed energii zhruba na ujet\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed set kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n

A pak tu m\u00e1me roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se s\u00ed\u0165 HPC stanic (z\u00a0anglick\u00e9ho High Performance Charging), kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u0159es 130 nab\u00edjec\u00edch st\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0dok\u00e1\u017eou poskytnout 180 a\u017e 400 kilowatt\u016f. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich pln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na elektromobilu. Jako prvn\u00ed uvedlo na trh elektromobil s\u00a0osmisetvoltovou architekturou a\u00a0nab\u00edjec\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkonem 320 kilowatt\u016f Porsche a\u00a0nyn\u00ed je obdobn\u00fdch voz\u016f na trhu u\u017e n\u011bkolik. B\u011bhem dvacetiminutov\u00e9ho nab\u00edjen\u00ed lze tak dob\u00edt elektroauto zhruba na \u010dty\u0159i sta kilometr\u016f. To u\u017e je z\u00a0m\u00e9ho pohledu velice komfortn\u00ed pom\u011br doby j\u00edzdy v\u016f\u010di dob\u011b nab\u00edjen\u00ed, nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee bez pravideln\u00fdch\u00a0p\u0159est\u00e1vek po\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b t\u0159ech hodin\u00e1ch j\u00edzdy nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 bezpe\u010dn\u011b na d\u00e1lkov\u00fdch tras\u00e1ch \u0159\u00eddit jak\u00fdkoli automobil.<\/p>\n

Kolik stoj\u00ed j\u00edzda 430ko\u0148ov\u00fdm elektromobilem?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Poj\u010fme k\u00a0re\u00e1ln\u00fdm cen\u00e1m. P\u0159i\u00a0pomal\u00e9m dom\u00e1c\u00edm nab\u00edjen\u00ed s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm t\u0159\u00edf\u00e1zov\u00e9 z\u00e1suvky vyjde v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti v\u011bt\u0161inu lid\u00ed jedna kilowatthodina p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na p\u011bt korun. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159i\u00a0j\u00edzd\u011b velmi v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm elektromobilem, jako je Porsche Taycan Plus s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem 435 kon\u00ed a\u00a0jeho pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 spot\u0159eb\u011b dvacet kilowatthodin na sto kilometr\u016f p\u0159i\u00a0p\u0159edpisov\u00e9 j\u00edzd\u011b, vyjde ujet\u00ed jednoho kilometru zhruba na jednu korunu. U\u017e tahle informace zn\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011b. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy nab\u00edj\u00ed majitel elektromobil b\u011bhem slune\u010dn\u00e9ho dne z\u00a0vlastn\u00ed fotovoltaiky, tak jezd\u00ed re\u00e1ln\u011b zdarma.<\/p>\n

Jak tomu bude v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby vyu\u017eit\u00ed ultrarychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjec\u00ed stanice? Tady vstupuje do hry ekonomika jednotliv\u00fdch provozovatel\u016f stanic. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdrobci elektromobil\u016f d\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm k\u00a0dispozici vlastn\u00ed dob\u00edjec\u00ed karty, kter\u00e9 lze vyu\u017e\u00edt u\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161iny provozovatel\u016f rychlodob\u00edjec\u00edch stanic a\u00a0s\u00a0jejich vyu\u017eit\u00edm se d\u00e1 dob\u00edjet automobil v\u00fdhodn\u011bji ne\u017e za standardn\u00ed cenu s\u00a0t\u00edm, \u017ee podm\u00ednky jednotliv\u00fdch automobilek se li\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00a0nab\u00edjec\u00ed kartou od Porsche m\u00e1 majitel elektromobilu mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt ultrarychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjen\u00ed u\u00a0s\u00edt\u011b Ionity, kde zaplat\u00ed deset korun za kilowatthodinu. Za vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed karty si Porsche standardn\u011b \u00fa\u010dtuje pau\u0161\u00e1l \u0161est set korun m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b, ten v\u0161ak majitel\u016fm nov\u00fdch aut prvn\u00ed t\u0159i roky ne\u00fa\u010dtuje. V\u00a0popsan\u00e9m re\u017eimu s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm ultrarychl\u00e9ho dob\u00edjen\u00ed stoj\u00ed ujet\u00ed jednoho kilometru asi dv\u011b koruny.<\/p>\n

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