{"id":26918,"date":"2024-08-15T09:58:20","date_gmt":"2024-08-15T07:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=26918"},"modified":"2024-08-16T10:24:03","modified_gmt":"2024-08-16T08:24:03","slug":"elektrolyza-pomaha-resit-problem-s-odpadem-pri-vyrobe-baterii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/elektrolyza-pomaha-resit-problem-s-odpadem-pri-vyrobe-baterii\/","title":{"rendered":"Elektrol\u00fdza pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s odpadem p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jednou z v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch ironi\u00ed elektrifikace je, \u017ee v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti pom\u011brn\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u00fdroba bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily (EV) je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eena probl\u00e9my v oblasti ESG. Nap\u0159\u00edklad k v\u00fdrob\u011b pouh\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 tuny lithia jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dva miliony tun vody – co\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 elektromobil\u016f – p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed techniky jsou \u010dasto \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pro posti\u017een\u00e9 oblasti.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pasy bateri\u00ed jsou jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1pad\u016f, jak zlep\u0161it ekologick\u00e9 vlastnosti t\u011bchto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch komponent. Od \u00fanora 2027 budou muset v\u0161echna vozidla prod\u00e1van\u00e1 v EU obsahovat QR k\u00f3d s informacemi, jako je materi\u00e1lov\u00fd obsah a vlo\u017een\u00e1 uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 stopa. Postupem \u010dasu budou muset v\u00fdrobci OEM rovn\u011b\u017e prok\u00e1zat dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch m\u011br vyu\u017eit\u00ed kov\u016f a specifikac\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9ho obsahu.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tyto \u00fadaje ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed spot\u0159ebitel\u016f o n\u00e1kupu a nut\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdrobce automobil\u016f, aby zlep\u0161ili svou udr\u017eitelnost, bude mise dekarbonizace bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily nevyhnuteln\u011b zahrnovat p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed cel\u00e9ho hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce. Je t\u0159eba p\u0159ehodnotit ka\u017ed\u00fd krok od zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kritick\u00fdch nerost\u016f a\u017e po v\u00fdrobu katod. Existuje v\u0161ak v cel\u00e9m procesu spole\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m?<\/p>\n

Rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed potenci\u00e1lu<\/h3>\n

V roce 2020 se dva absolventi Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzity v Berkeley – Lukas Hackl a Bilen Akuzum – vydali na cestu, aby nav\u0161t\u00edvili spole\u010dnosti v cel\u00e9m dodavatelsk\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily v Kalifornii a Nevad\u011b. \u201eNav\u0161t\u00edvili jsme t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed provozy, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na recyklaci bateri\u00ed, v\u00fdrobce aktivn\u00edch katodov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Akuzum pro Automotive World. \u201eM\u011bli jsme nastra\u017een\u00e9 u\u0161i, abychom zjistili, odkud probl\u00e9my skute\u010dn\u011b poch\u00e1zej\u00ed.\u201c K jejich p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed se bez ohledu na m\u00edsto dodavatele v hodnotov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci opakovan\u011b objevoval stejn\u00fd odpadn\u00ed produkt.<\/p>\n

S\u00edran sodn\u00fd je vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed kyseliny s\u00edrov\u00e9 a louhu sodn\u00e9ho p\u0159i rafinaci kritick\u00fdch kov\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch katod, v\u010detn\u011b nikl-manganu-kobaltu. Vznik\u00e1 tak\u00e9 p\u0159i recyklaci bateri\u00ed – model EverBatt N\u00e1rodn\u00ed laborato\u0159e Argonne odhaduje, \u017ee na 1 000 kg zpracovan\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f bateri\u00ed p\u0159ipad\u00e1 800 kg. S\u00edran sodn\u00fd m\u00e1 sice omezen\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed, ale n\u00e1r\u016fst v\u00fdroby bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily znamen\u00e1, \u017ee odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 likvidace v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017enou.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hackl (vlevo) a Akuzum (vpravo) p\u0159i\u0161li s n\u00e1padem na sv\u016fj elektrolyz\u00e9r po studi\u00edch na Kalifornsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b v Berkeley<\/em><\/p>\n

Hackl dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee potenci\u00e1l pro \u010dist\u0161\u00ed elektrifikovan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 \u201eobrovsk\u00fd\u201c potenci\u00e1l. \u201eExistuje mnoho r\u016fzn\u00fdch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak k tomu v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159istupovat – od zelen\u00e9ho vod\u00edku po zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku – ale my jsme cht\u011bli vybrat oblast, kter\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my dne\u0161n\u00edch dodavatel\u016f.\u201c V roce 2021 proto Hackl a Akuzum spoluzalo\u017eili spole\u010dnost Aepnus Technology – jako v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel, respektive technologick\u00fd \u0159editel – s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit emise v chemick\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci dod\u00e1vek bateri\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ultra\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 elektrol\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n

Uzav\u0159en\u00ed smy\u010dky<\/h3>\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00edm spole\u010dnosti Aepnus Technology byl v\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9ho elektrolyz\u00e9ru – hromady kovov\u00fdch elektrod odd\u011blen\u00fdch membr\u00e1nami, do nich\u017e se p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed vodn\u00e9 suroviny, kter\u00e9 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b pomoc\u00ed elekt\u0159iny p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed na po\u017eadovan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 produkty. \u201eT\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem m\u016f\u017eeme vz\u00edt s\u00edran sodn\u00fd a p\u0159em\u011bnit ho zp\u011bt na dv\u011b chemick\u00e1 \u010dinidla, kter\u00e1 jsou z\u00e1kladem bateriov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu: kyselinu s\u00edrovou a kaustickou sodu,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Hackl. Spole\u010dnost v podstat\u011b vezme to, co bylo d\u0159\u00edve odpadem ur\u010den\u00fdm na skl\u00e1dku, a znovu uvede jeho slo\u017eky do dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>\n

Pokra\u010duje, \u017ee chemick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky vyroben\u00e9 touto metodou jsou stejn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 jako ekvivalenty z prim\u00e1rn\u00edch zdroj\u016f. \u201eTradi\u010dn\u011b jsou tyto molekuly dod\u00e1v\u00e1ny n\u00e1kladn\u00edmi automobily nebo vlaky v p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 koncentrovan\u00e9 form\u011b, kter\u00e1 se pak mus\u00ed na m\u00edst\u011b ur\u010den\u00ed \u0159edit, aby mohla b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u017eita.\u201c Nam\u00edsto uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed vody pro tento \u00fa\u010del budou moci z\u00e1kazn\u00edci ponechat elektrolyz\u00e9r spole\u010dnosti Aepnus Technology na m\u00edst\u011b. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, \u017ee tak mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit logistick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a vyr\u00e1b\u011bt levn\u011bji – v z\u00e1vislosti na cen\u011b elekt\u0159iny – chemik\u00e1lie pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bateri\u00ed v p\u0159esn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00fdch koncentrac\u00edch.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo m\u016f\u017ee v mnoha ohledech urychlit uveden\u00ed baterie na trh,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Hackl. \u201eProto\u017ee ji\u017e nevznik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd odpad, spole\u010dnosti nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed povolen\u00ed k jeho zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed; smy\u010dka je uzav\u0159ena.\u201c Spole\u010dnost Aepnus Technology uvedla sv\u016fj syst\u00e9m v pilotn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku do provozu na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2024, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na jeho palub\u011b se ji\u017e nach\u00e1z\u00ed bl\u00ed\u017ee nespecifikovan\u00fd z\u00e1kazn\u00edk. Spole\u010dnost Akuzum uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed produkce bude mal\u00e1 – dv\u011b tuny ro\u010dn\u011b, co\u017e je kapka v mo\u0159i, kdy\u017e jeden z\u00e1vod na v\u00fdrobu bateri\u00ed produkuje \u201edes\u00edtky tis\u00edc tun\u201c s\u00edranu sodn\u00e9ho. \u201eStejn\u011b jako samotn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj bateri\u00ed, i do po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edho komer\u010dn\u00edho p\u0159edveden\u00ed t\u00e9to technologie p\u016fjde spousta \u010dasu a pen\u011bz. Pot\u00e9 u\u017e nen\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.\u201c<\/p>\n

Chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kousek skl\u00e1da\u010dky<\/h3>\n

Americk\u00e9 ministerstvo energetiky ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1rodn\u00edm pl\u00e1nu pro lithiov\u00e9 baterie na rok 2021 upozornilo na zranitelnost dom\u00e1c\u00edch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f v\u016f\u010di p\u0159\u00edli\u0161n\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm dovozu, co\u017e je tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd probl\u00e9m v Evrop\u011b. Elektrolyz\u00e9r spole\u010dnosti Aepnus Technology zvy\u0161uje perspektivu onshoringu a zlep\u0161uje udr\u017eitelnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed bateriov\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. V dob\u011b psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku spole\u010dnost Akuzum uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee je na 10 % cesty ke sv\u00e9mu kone\u010dn\u00e9mu c\u00edli. V \u010dervnu 2024 z\u00edskala spole\u010dnost pod veden\u00edm Clean Energy Ventures po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 8 milion\u016f USD, kter\u00e9, jak douf\u00e1, povede k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu pokroku v oblasti komer\u010dn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9ho reaktoru b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch dvou let.<\/p>\n

\u201eElektrochemie je kl\u00ed\u010dem k dekarbonizaci pr\u016fmyslu, kter\u00fd je jinak velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 zlep\u0161it,\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Hackl. V kombinaci s rostouc\u00edmi glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi investicemi do v\u00fdroby energie z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 budoucnost, kdy se levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elekt\u0159ina spoj\u00ed s v\u00fdrobou elektromobil\u016f na v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00edch a vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak smy\u010dku, kter\u00e1 eliminuje odpad. \u201eKyselina s\u00edrov\u00e1 a kaustick\u00e1 soda jsou jedny z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f je mo\u0159e a d\u00edky v\u010dasn\u00e9mu nav\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed s v\u00fdrobci douf\u00e1me, \u017ee se n\u00e1m poda\u0159\u00ed za\u010dlenit n\u00e1\u0161 elektrolyz\u00e9r do jejich nov\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch na provoz EV.\u201c<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli nem\u016f\u017ee jmenovat konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, Akuzum uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdrobci OEM a n\u011bkolik hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f v hodnotov\u00e9m \u0159et\u011bzci bateri\u00ed ji\u017e v t\u00e9to ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi s technologi\u00ed Aepnus spolupracuj\u00ed. \u201eNikdo nechce mluvit o tom, kolik odpadu je spojeno s v\u00fdrobou bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily, ale my chceme uk\u00e1zat, \u017ee existuje \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1. \u201eTah na trh, kter\u00fd za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me, ukazuje, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed kousek skl\u00e1da\u010dky pro p\u0159echod na \u010distou energii.\u201c<\/p>\n

\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jednou z v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch ironi\u00ed elektrifikace je, \u017ee v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti pom\u011brn\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u00fdroba bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily (EV) je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eena probl\u00e9my v oblasti ESG. Nap\u0159\u00edklad k v\u00fdrob\u011b pouh\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 tuny lithia jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dva miliony tun vody – co\u017e sta\u010d\u00ed na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 100 elektromobil\u016f – […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":26926,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nElektrol\u00fdza pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s odpadem p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/elektrolyza-pomaha-resit-problem-s-odpadem-pri-vyrobe-baterii\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Elektrol\u00fdza pom\u00e1h\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m s odpadem p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jednou z v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch ironi\u00ed elektrifikace je, \u017ee v\u00fdrobky, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt \u0161etrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k \u017eivotn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed, maj\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti pom\u011brn\u011b neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u00fdroba bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily (EV) je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eena probl\u00e9my v oblasti ESG. 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