{"id":24510,"date":"2024-03-11T20:32:48","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T19:32:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=24510"},"modified":"2024-03-13T20:37:16","modified_gmt":"2024-03-13T19:37:16","slug":"evrope-hrozi-obchodni-valka-s-cinou-spor-mohou-zazehnout-levna-elektroauta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/evrope-hrozi-obchodni-valka-s-cinou-spor-mohou-zazehnout-levna-elektroauta\/","title":{"rendered":"Evrop\u011b hroz\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lka s \u010c\u00ednou. Spor mohou za\u017eehnout levn\u00e1 elektroauta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm dilematem. Mus\u00ed sladit t\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u011b odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 c\u00edle – dekarbonizaci, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na \u010c\u00edn\u011b a udr\u017een\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Slo\u017eitost tohoto hlavolamu nejl\u00e9pe odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed situace na trhu s elektromobily, p\u00ed\u0161e analyti\u010dka Slovensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku Eva Miho\u010dkov\u00e1 v den\u00edku SME.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elektromobilita je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a celkov\u011b pro ekologick\u00fd p\u0159echod Evropsk\u00e9 unie. Od roku 2035 se ji\u017e nebudou moci v EU prod\u00e1vat nov\u00e1 auta se spalovac\u00edmi motory. Pro spot\u0159ebitele je v\u0161ak n\u00e1kup elektromobilu st\u00e1le finan\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, a proto v mnoha zem\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b Slovenska nad\u00e1le p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed klasick\u00e1 benzinov\u00e1 nebo naftov\u00e1 auta, uv\u00e1d\u00ed analyti\u010dka pro SME.<\/p>\n

Pro mnoho motorist\u016f jsou cenov\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 elektromobily, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle o p\u011btinu levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Proto jejich prodej na evropsk\u00e9m trhu neust\u00e1le roste. Nyn\u00ed se na tamn\u00edm automobilov\u00e9m trhu pod\u00edlej\u00ed osmi procenty a do roku 2025 by pod\u00edl mohl vzr\u016fst na patn\u00e1ct procent. Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z dat Evropsk\u00e9 komise.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 konkurence v\u0161ak zvy\u0161uje z\u00e1vislost Evropy na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m dovozu, co\u017e s sebou nese politick\u00e1 a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed rizika. Krom\u011b toho vznik\u00e1 tlak na evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobce a riziko ztr\u00e1ty pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9m automobilov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 komise proto hled\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, jak ochr\u00e1nit dom\u00e1c\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, omezit st\u00e1le intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd dovoz a z\u00e1rove\u0148 elektromobilitu udr\u017eet cenov\u011b dostupnou.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 nadprodukce<\/h3>\n

Zhroucen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f b\u011bhem pandemie koronaviru pln\u011b odhalilo zranitelnost velk\u00fdch ekonomik, jako je i EU. \u010c\u00edna si je toho dob\u0159e v\u011bdoma a chce udr\u017eet Evropu z\u00e1vislou na dovozu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch komponent\u016f pro v\u011btrnou a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energetiku \u010di elektromobily. V roce 2020 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd prezident Si \u0164in-pching ozna\u010dil tuto politiku kontroly v\u00fdvozn\u00edch tok\u016f za “siln\u00e9 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed” proti Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n

Peking tuto politiku realizuje v praxi masivn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporou vybran\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed, co\u017e vede k velk\u00e9 nadprodukci. Jak loni uvedl t\u00fdden\u00edk The Economist, \u010c\u00edna otev\u00edr\u00e1 mnohem v\u00edce tov\u00e1ren, ne\u017e jej\u00ed trh re\u00e1ln\u011b pot\u0159ebuje. V minulosti se tato politika uplat\u0148ovala v oblastech, jako je v\u00fdroba oceli, a n\u00e1sledn\u011b za\u010dala dominovat i ve v\u00fdrob\u011b v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn a fotovoltaiky.<\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se masivn\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed podpora zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdrobu elektromobil\u016f. V \u010c\u00edn\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e sto automobilek a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny jsou levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jejich z\u00e1padn\u00ed konkurenti. Velk\u00e1 nadprodukce se uplat\u0148uje i na zahrani\u010dn\u00edch trz\u00edch. Podle Evropsk\u00e9 komise jde o nef\u00e9rovou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou sout\u011b\u017e.<\/p>\n

“Sv\u011btov\u00e9 trhy jsou zaplaveny levn\u00fdmi \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi elektromobily. Jejich cenu um\u011ble stla\u010duj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed dotace,” uvedla loni \u0161\u00e9fka Evropsk\u00e9 komise Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1 b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho pravideln\u00e9ho projevu o stavu unie p\u0159ed poslanci Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed komora i vl\u00e1dn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 v Pekingu to pop\u00edraj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Objem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch dotac\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu elektromobil\u016f v\u0161ak v letech 2016 a\u017e 2022 dos\u00e1hl a\u017e 57 miliard dolar\u016f (asi 1,3 miliardy korun). Uv\u00e1d\u00ed to konzulta\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnost AlixPartners pro agenturu Reuters. D\u00edky masivn\u00ed podpo\u0159e v\u00fdroby i n\u00e1kupu modern\u00edch automobil\u016f na baterie se \u010c\u00edna stala nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n

“V \u010c\u00edn\u011b je zjevn\u00e1 nadprodukce, kterou zem\u011b pot\u0159ebuje vyv\u00e1\u017eet. Tato pot\u0159eba je nal\u00e9hav\u00e1, proto\u017ee nadprodukci elektromobil\u016f t\u00e1hnou p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 dotace. Se zpomalen\u00edm \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky bude tlak na v\u00fdvoz je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed,” uvedla von der Leyenov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed kroky k obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lce<\/h3>\n

Brusel zah\u00e1jil ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 politika v\u016f\u010di dom\u00e1c\u00edm v\u00fdrobc\u016fm automobil\u016f neporu\u0161uje pravidla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho obchodu. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kladn\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u011bru by mohla b\u00fdt tato politika ozna\u010dena za nekalou praktiku a mohla by b\u00fdt p\u0159ijata odvetn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, tedy zaveden\u00ed dovozn\u00edho cla, co\u017e by se mohlo ozna\u010dit za za\u010d\u00e1tek obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e t\u0159in\u00e1ct m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a na jeho konci m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uvalen\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e standardn\u00edho desetiprocentn\u00edho dovozn\u00edho cla. Takov\u00e9 negativn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed by se dotklo i zn\u00e1m\u00fdch americk\u00fdch a evropsk\u00fdch zna\u010dek, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 sv\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 modely v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch jako Tesla, Renault nebo BMW.<\/p>\n

Europoslanec za slovenskou stranu Svoboda a Solidarita Eugen Jurzyca s takovou protekcionistickou politikou Bruselu nesouhlas\u00ed. “\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch spor\u016f bychom m\u011bli hledat na p\u016fd\u011b Sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed organizace, kter\u00e1 by m\u011bla b\u00fdt dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e1, aby dok\u00e1zala odrazit protekcionistick\u00e9 tlaky,” \u0159ekl.<\/p>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed organizace (WTO) se v\u0161ak ne v\u017edy uk\u00e1zala jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 platforma pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch spor\u016f, co\u017e se projevilo zejm\u00e9na za \u00e9ry americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa, kter\u00fd rozpoutal obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lku s \u010c\u00ednou, EU a dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Den\u00edk Financial Times to v roce 2022 komentoval slovy, \u017ee “WTO byla zalo\u017eena 123 \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v roce 1995 a od t\u00e9 doby je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neust\u00e1le v krizi”.<\/p>\n

Europoslanec Jurzyca v\u0161ak zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee protekcionismus a zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed cel je slepou uli\u010dkou, kter\u00e1 v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nejv\u00edce po\u0161kod\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele. Odhl\u00e9dneme-li od politick\u00fdch a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch rizik, m\u00e1 levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 konkurence pozitivn\u00ed vliv na spot\u0159ebitele.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b mo\u017enosti koupit si levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd elektromobil mohou profitovat ze st\u00e1le levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddky tradi\u010dn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch automobilek, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed sni\u017eovat ceny, aby si udr\u017eely konkurenceschopnost. Nap\u0159\u00edklad Renault loni v \u010dervenci ozn\u00e1mil sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na elektromobily o 40 procent.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lka s \u010c\u00ednou m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 odp\u016frce i v \u0159ad\u00e1ch evropsk\u00fdch automobilek. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mus\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161et \u010d\u00ednskou konkurenci, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je pro n\u011b ale velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd export na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd trh. Zaveden\u00ed cel by v\u00fdvoz zt\u00ed\u017eilo. \u010c\u00edna by t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b zavedla recipro\u010dn\u00ed cla na dovoz z EU, jak varovalo i n\u011bmeck\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu VDA.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: zpravy.aktualne.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropsk\u00e1 unie stoj\u00ed p\u0159ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm dilematem. Mus\u00ed sladit t\u0159i vz\u00e1jemn\u011b odst\u0159ediv\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 c\u00edle – dekarbonizaci, sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na \u010c\u00edn\u011b a udr\u017een\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00edch pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Slo\u017eitost tohoto hlavolamu nejl\u00e9pe odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed situace na trhu s elektromobily, p\u00ed\u0161e analyti\u010dka Slovensk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku Eva Miho\u010dkov\u00e1 v den\u00edku SME. Elektromobilita je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":24511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEvrop\u011b hroz\u00ed obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lka s \u010c\u00ednou. 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