{"id":22601,"date":"2023-05-02T21:59:43","date_gmt":"2023-05-02T19:59:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=22601"},"modified":"2023-05-10T22:10:02","modified_gmt":"2023-05-10T20:10:02","slug":"kam-smeruje-vyzkum-baterii-pro-elektromobily","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/kam-smeruje-vyzkum-baterii-pro-elektromobily\/","title":{"rendered":"Kam sm\u011b\u0159uje v\u00fdzkum bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie dominuj\u00ed trhu s elektromobily, ale to by se mohlo zm\u011bnit. Dne\u0161n\u00ed elektromobily nab\u00edzej\u00ed spoustu mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zlep\u0161it n\u00e1klady, \u00fa\u010dinnost, bezpe\u010dnost a pohodl\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed \u0159adu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly vy\u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkter\u00e9 nebo v\u0161echny z t\u011bchto bolestiv\u00fdch bod\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daniel Auger je star\u0161\u00edm \u010dlenem Institutu elektrotechnick\u00fdch a elektronick\u00fdch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f (IEEE), organizace, jej\u00edm\u017e posl\u00e1n\u00edm je podporovat technologick\u00e9 inovace a dokonalost ve prosp\u011bch lidstva. Je tak\u00e9 lektorem v oboru elektrifikace, automatizace a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na Cranfieldsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, kde jeho t\u00fdmy vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 algoritmy syst\u00e9mu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bateri\u00ed (BMS) pro podporu lithium-sirn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed. D\u00edky ob\u011bma t\u011bmto funkc\u00edm byl sv\u011bdkem zna\u010dn\u00e9ho rozmachu kolem v\u00fdzkumu bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00faskal\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed technologie bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily?<\/h5>\n

Technologie bateri\u00ed v posledn\u00edch letech rychle pokro\u010dila a je velmi dob\u0159e mo\u017en\u00e9 po\u0159\u00eddit si dobr\u00fd elektromobil s velmi mal\u00fdm po\u010dtem nedostatk\u016f. Nejsou v\u0161ak dokonal\u00e9 a st\u00e1le je co zlep\u0161ovat. Z u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho hlediska je n\u00e1kup elektromobil\u016f st\u00e1le relativn\u011b drah\u00fd. Jejich dojezd se sice zlep\u0161uje, ale st\u00e1le je mnohem ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch automobil\u016f se spalovac\u00edm motorem, a – co\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e1 kritick\u00e9 – i rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed je v\u00fdrazn\u011b pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e dopl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed benz\u00ednu nebo nafty.<\/p>\n

Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 elektrifikovat t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla pouze pomoc\u00ed palubn\u00edch bateri\u00ed. Z pohledu v\u00fdrobce je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00edskat dobr\u00e9 informace o zp\u016fsobech st\u00e1rnut\u00ed bateri\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159edem p\u0159edv\u00eddat poruchy. Mus\u00edme tak\u00e9 p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let o tom, jak m\u016f\u017eeme roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it v\u00fdrobu a – v budoucnu – jak budeme z\u00edsk\u00e1vat a recyklovat materi\u00e1ly ze star\u00fdch opot\u0159ebovan\u00fdch bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"General<\/p>\n

Rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed je st\u00e1le pomalej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e tankov\u00e1n\u00ed benzinu nebo nafty<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eete uv\u00e9st n\u011bkter\u00e9 z v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch rozvojov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 se v t\u00e9to oblasti realizuj\u00ed?<\/h5>\n

Na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b existuj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy, kter\u00e9 se intenzivn\u011b zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o baterie a d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd strategick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj. Zde ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii jsme sv\u011bdky projekt\u016f \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nebo zcela financovan\u00fdch britsk\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem a inovacemi (UKRI) a jeho p\u0159edch\u016fdci, kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u0161echny f\u00e1ze pr\u00e1ce od akademick\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry p\u0159es pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a\u017e po aktivity zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech v tomto sm\u011bru hraje v\u00fdznamnou roli Faraday Battery Challenge. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyv\u00edjej\u00ed nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a sou\u010d\u00e1sti bateri\u00ed a ch\u00e1pou z\u00e1klady jejich fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a zp\u016fsoby jejich degradace. Dal\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se zam\u011b\u0159uje na modelov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed bateri\u00ed p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed jejich budouc\u00ed v\u00fdkonnosti a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, abychom je pou\u017e\u00edvali co nejl\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 pochopit, jak se \u010dl\u00e1nky chovaj\u00ed spole\u010dn\u011b v sad\u011b, a zajistit, aby se pohybovaly v teplotn\u00edm rozmez\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podporuje dobrou \u017eivotnost. Pokud jde o pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, pracuje se na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek vstupu na trh v\u00fdrobou komer\u010dn\u00edch hotov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a mo\u017enostmi navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dk\u016f. To pom\u00e1h\u00e1 s praktick\u00fdmi elektromechanick\u00fdmi aspekty konstrukce bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky n\u011bkter\u00fdch z t\u011bchto inovativn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f?<\/h5>\n

Zaveden\u00ed mnoha z t\u011bchto schopnost\u00ed do praxe vy\u017eaduje mnoho \u010dasu a finan\u010dn\u00edch investic. P\u0159esto\u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 a technick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, m\u00e1me mnoho dobr\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f a in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na nich pracuj\u00ed. Velmi na m\u011b zap\u016fsobilo, co dok\u00e1\u017eeme, kdy\u017e spolupracujeme a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pohled\u016f.<\/p>\n

Jak\u00e1 je situace s financov\u00e1n\u00edm?<\/h5>\n

Jako komunita bychom mohli ud\u011blat mnohem v\u00edce, kdybychom m\u011bli k dispozici v\u00edce finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f. V\u00edm, \u017ee mnoho akademick\u00fdch a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch program\u016f financov\u00e1n\u00ed je siln\u011b p\u0159epln\u011bno. I kdy\u017e uzn\u00e1v\u00e1m, \u017ee nikdy nebudeme \u017e\u00edt ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde budou pen\u00edze na v\u00fdzkum “zadarmo”, m\u00e1m pocit, \u017ee tr\u00e1v\u00edme spoustu \u010dasu soupe\u0159en\u00edm o financov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd bychom mohli l\u00e9pe vyu\u017e\u00edt na prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd, technick\u00fd a ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n

Co pova\u017eujete za potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bnu v tomto odv\u011btv\u00ed?<\/h5>\n

Pokud bych m\u011bl vybrat n\u011bjakou schopnost jako nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, bylo by to rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed. Pokud bychom dok\u00e1zali baterii nab\u00edt dostate\u010dn\u011b rychle, mnoho nev\u00fdhod t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se dojezdu by bylo m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch. D\u00edky tomu by se baterie staly atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v jin\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch ne\u017e v osobn\u00edch automobilech. Autobusy, tax\u00edky, n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla a vozidla z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch slu\u017eeb by bylo snaz\u0161\u00ed provozovat, pokud by se doba nab\u00edjen\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eila na minimum. Bylo by v\u0161ak nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 pova\u017eovat rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed za jedinou oblast v\u00fdzkumu. Existuje mnoho aspekt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b materi\u00e1l\u016f, modelov\u00e1n\u00ed degradace, elektrotepeln\u00e9ho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed, tepeln\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a n\u00e1vrhu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 si mysl\u00edm, \u017ee recyklace a pr\u00e1ce s \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zastaral\u00fdmi bateriemi bude st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci toho je nezbytn\u00e9, aby dobr\u00e9 prognostick\u00e9 schopnosti dok\u00e1zaly v\u010das varovat, kdy\u017e se baterie stane nebezpe\u010dnou. To by bylo obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cenn\u00e9, pokud se objev\u00ed velk\u00fd trh s opravami a repasov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u0159et\u00edch stran. Aby to bylo mo\u017en\u00e9, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, abychom m\u011bli vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak zajistit, \u017ee v\u0161echny recyklovan\u00e9 baterie z\u016fstanou bezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, kter\u00e9 jsou podle v\u00e1s p\u0159ece\u0148ov\u00e1ny?<\/h5>\n

\u010casto se setk\u00e1v\u00e1m s novinov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky, v nich\u017e se p\u00ed\u0161e, jak nov\u00e1 inovace v oblasti bateri\u00ed zm\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt. Kdy\u017e si p\u0159e\u010dtu podrobnosti, obvykle si uv\u011bdom\u00edm, \u017ee n\u011bkdo informuje o velmi ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 obvykle p\u0159ed sebou je\u0161t\u011b dlouhou cestu, ne\u017e se z dobr\u00e9ho v\u00fdsledku v laboratorn\u00edm mincovn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku stane praktick\u00fd kone\u010dn\u00fd produkt. Tady jde o to, \u017ee akademi\u010dt\u00ed a v\u00fdzkumn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci jsou – zcela spr\u00e1vn\u011b – povzbuzov\u00e1ni k tomu, aby p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli o dopadu sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a formulovali ho. Bohu\u017eel je snadn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edst n\u011bco, co znamen\u00e1 “pokud budeme m\u00edt \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed, mohlo by se to za deset let nebo za dv\u011b opravdu n\u011bkam posunout”, jako by to \u0159\u00edkalo, \u017ee “tohle p\u016fjde do modelu p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku”.<\/p>\n

Ani na vte\u0159inu bych nenazna\u010doval, \u017ee bychom nem\u011bli financovat v\u00fdzkum s n\u00edzkou \u00farovn\u00ed technologick\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti (low-TRL). Je to \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee tak vznikaj\u00ed skv\u011bl\u00e9 n\u00e1pady. Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 financovat dobr\u00e9, zaveden\u00e9 n\u00e1pady hlavn\u00edho proudu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 financovat v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 jsou mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu jin\u00e9. Oba sm\u011bry pr\u00e1ce mohou v\u00e9st k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m paradigmatu a pozitivn\u011b p\u0159evratn\u00fdm technologick\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

Jak brzy by se pr\u016fmysl mohl do\u010dkat v\u00fdhod technologie bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed pravidla hry?<\/h5>\n

Je v\u017edy velmi obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, jak brzy se jich p\u0159esn\u011b do\u010dk\u00e1me. Snadno by se dalo argumentovat, \u017ee u\u017e je m\u00e1me, i kdy\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. V posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech se elektromobily staly \u010dast\u00fdm jevem na silnic\u00edch, rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed se stalo b\u011b\u017enou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed a po\u010det elektromobil\u016f roste. A\u010dkoli nikdo nedok\u00e1\u017ee dokonale p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt budoucnost, o\u010dek\u00e1val bych, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti let dojde ke zdokonalen\u00ed rychl\u00e9ho nab\u00edjen\u00ed, a to zejm\u00e9na v d\u016fsledku lep\u0161\u00edho modelov\u00e1n\u00ed bateri\u00ed a jejich sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00edho tepeln\u00e9ho managementu. P\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm jeden z v\u00fdrobc\u016f motor\u016f m\u00e1 v podobn\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m harmonogramu pl\u00e1ny na baterie s polovodi\u010dov\u00fdmi elektrolyty.<\/p>\n

Technologie nov\u00e9 generace, jako jsou lithium-sirn\u00e9 a sod\u00edkov\u00e9 ionty, jsou pro b\u011b\u017en\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl mo\u017en\u00e1 trochu vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale m\u016f\u017eeme se jich do\u010dkat v jin\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch. V sou\u010dasnosti se d\u011bj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 v\u011bci, jako jsou nov\u00e9 modelovac\u00ed techniky a zdroje informac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pomohou sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky vstupu na trh. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee se do\u010dk\u00e1me zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed, tak\u017ee sledujte tento prostor.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie dominuj\u00ed trhu s elektromobily, ale to by se mohlo zm\u011bnit. Dne\u0161n\u00ed elektromobily nab\u00edzej\u00ed spoustu mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zlep\u0161it n\u00e1klady, \u00fa\u010dinnost, bezpe\u010dnost a pohodl\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed \u0159adu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly vy\u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkter\u00e9 nebo v\u0161echny z t\u011bchto bolestiv\u00fdch bod\u016f. Daniel Auger je star\u0161\u00edm \u010dlenem Institutu elektrotechnick\u00fdch […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":22603,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKam sm\u011b\u0159uje v\u00fdzkum bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily? | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/kam-smeruje-vyzkum-baterii-pro-elektromobily\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kam sm\u011b\u0159uje v\u00fdzkum bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie dominuj\u00ed trhu s elektromobily, ale to by se mohlo zm\u011bnit. Dne\u0161n\u00ed elektromobily nab\u00edzej\u00ed spoustu mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zlep\u0161it n\u00e1klady, \u00fa\u010dinnost, bezpe\u010dnost a pohodl\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 t\u00fdmy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b zkoumaj\u00ed \u0159adu nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohly vy\u0159e\u0161it n\u011bkter\u00e9 nebo v\u0161echny z t\u011bchto bolestiv\u00fdch bod\u016f. 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