{"id":21541,"date":"2022-11-07T10:00:54","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T09:00:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=21541"},"modified":"2022-11-13T12:55:42","modified_gmt":"2022-11-13T11:55:42","slug":"aquarefining-pristi-generace-recyklace-lithia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/aquarefining-pristi-generace-recyklace-lithia\/","title":{"rendered":"AquaRefining: p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace recyklace lithia?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s recyklac\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed (LiB) vzroste z 41 miliard USD v roce 2021 na 116,6 miliard USD do roku 2030, podle datov\u00fdch analytik\u016f ReportLinker, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00edm motorem r\u016fstu budou elektrick\u00e1 vozidla. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vzroste odpad LiB produkovan\u00fd elektromobily na 11 milion\u016f metrick\u00fdch tun, co\u017e je dramatick\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst oproti 600 000 metrick\u00fdm tun\u00e1m p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch pro rok 2025.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va o \u010dist\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 agentury<\/em> tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee recyklovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed m\u011bdi, lithia, niklu a kobaltu z pou\u017eit\u00fdch bateri\u00ed by mohlo do roku 2040 sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u017eadavky na kombinovan\u00e9 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky t\u011bchto miner\u00e1l\u016f o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 %.<\/p>\n

Politika recyklace LiB je v EU d\u00e1le ne\u017e v USA. EU m\u00e1 \u0159adu po\u017eadavk\u016f<\/a><\/strong> na op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed a recyklaci materi\u00e1l\u016f bateri\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby v\u00fdrobci navrhovali baterie pro snadnou recyklaci. D\u00e1le na\u0159izuj\u00ed, aby nov\u00e9 baterie obsahovaly ur\u010dit\u00e9 minim\u00e1ln\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed recyklovan\u00e9ho obsahu. Krom\u011b toho se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee do roku 2027 budou v\u00fdrobci bateri\u00ed a vozidel poskytovat snadno dostupn\u00e9 informace o recyklovan\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch a zdroj\u00edch kobaltu, lithia, niklu a olova v ka\u017ed\u00e9 prodan\u00e9 baterii.<\/p>\n

S ohledem na v\u0161echny tyto p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edpisy vyv\u00edj\u00ed spole\u010dnost Aqua Metals se s\u00eddlem v USA to, co prohla\u0161uje za dosud nej\u010dist\u0161\u00ed a n\u00e1kladov\u011b nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed recyklace LiB. Spole\u010dnost tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee z\u00edskat vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento kov\u016f ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalit\u011b s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi provozn\u00edmi n\u00e1klady ne\u017e sou\u010dasn\u00e9 metody pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 nebo vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 v pr\u016fmyslu bez \u0161kodliv\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f pec\u00ed a sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch emis\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aqua Metals<\/h3>\n

Centrum inovac\u00ed spole\u010dnosti Aqua Metals<\/em> v americk\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Nevada je centrem v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje spole\u010dnosti. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v listopadu 2022 bude toto centrum, kter\u00e9 je poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji energie, recyklovat \u0161est a\u017e deset tun recyklovan\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu za m\u011bs\u00edc. V roce 2023 by se toto \u010d\u00edslo m\u011blo zv\u00fd\u0161it p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na 70 tun. \u201eO\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee budeme prvn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 bude vyr\u00e1b\u011bt vysoce \u010dist\u00e9 kovy a hydroxid lithn\u00fd pro baterie z pou\u017eit\u00fdch LiB a uchov\u00e1vat je v USA,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel Aqua Metals<\/em> Steve Cotton.<\/p>\n

\u201eJdeme na bod zlomu v p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed elektromobil\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cotton a poukazuje na ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed California Air Resources Board<\/a><\/strong>, \u017ee v\u0161echna nov\u00e1 auta prod\u00e1van\u00e1 v Kalifornii budou m\u00edt od roku 2035 nulov\u00e9 emise. \u201ePravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee budou m\u00edt p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b lithium-iontov\u00fd pohon. Massachusetts ji\u017e ozn\u00e1mil sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br n\u00e1sledovat p\u0159\u00edklad Kalifornie. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nejm\u00e9n\u011b 15 st\u00e1t\u016f ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve p\u0159ijalo kalifornsk\u00e9 normy pro vozidla o pravidlech pro \u010dist\u00e1 auta, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee je bude n\u00e1sledovat v\u00edce st\u00e1t\u016f,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vysoce \u010dist\u00fd nikl, m\u011b\u010f a kobalt vyroben\u00fd z laboratorn\u00edho testov\u00e1n\u00ed v inova\u010dn\u00edm centru Aqua Metals<\/em><\/p>\n

New York skute\u010dn\u011b za\u010dal zav\u00e1d\u011bt z\u00e1kaz do roku 2035 po vzoru kalifornsk\u00fdch regul\u00e1tor\u016f. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee pro rok 2026 mus\u00ed modely s nulov\u00fdmi emisemi p\u0159edstavovat alespo\u0148 35 % prodeje nov\u00fdch voz\u016f automobilky ve st\u00e1t\u011b, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e do roku 2030 vzrostou na 68 % a do roku 2035 na 100 %.<\/p>\n

\u00dadaje spole\u010dnosti Aqua Metals<\/em> ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee popt\u00e1vka po materi\u00e1lech LiB by se v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed mohla zv\u00fd\u0161it o v\u00edce ne\u017e 575 % u lithia a o 1 237 % u niklu. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee kv\u016fli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmu nedostatku kov\u016f je recyklace LiB nutnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eGlob\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po m\u011bdi bude do roku 2050 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kolem 60 milion\u016f tun, co\u017e p\u0159iprav\u00ed p\u016fdu pro velk\u00fd deficit. Krom\u011b toho, s 28% n\u00e1r\u016fstem popt\u00e1vky po lithiu mezi roky 2020 a 2030, se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee lithium bude m\u00edt v roce 2030 13% deficit, kobalt odhadovan\u00fd 32% nedostatek a nikl 22%. \u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 viceprezident spole\u010dnosti Aqua Metals<\/em>, David Regan.<\/p>\n

Nav\u00edc poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee zem\u011b mimo USA, \u010dasto v oblastech s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdm nap\u011bt\u00edm, produkuj\u00ed 99 % surovin a komponentn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f pro LiB, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm cen\u00e1m a nedostatku.<\/p>\n

Nutnost<\/h3>\n

Aqua Metals<\/em> p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 do roku 2030 15 milion\u016f metrick\u00fdch tun pou\u017eit\u00fdch LIB. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je recyklov\u00e1no pouze 5 % LiB; zbytek jde na skl\u00e1dku. \u201eO\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1me, \u017ee se toto procento v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch p\u011bti a\u017e deseti letech v\u00fdrazn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Regan.<\/p>\n

Nar\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed objemy LiB, kter\u00e9 budou vstupovat na trh v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed jasn\u011b nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee je\u00a0\u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybudovat n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnou recykla\u010dn\u00ed infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 je od po\u010d\u00e1tku ekologicky udr\u017eiteln\u00e1. Bohu\u017eel, popul\u00e1rn\u011b nab\u00edzen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti recyklace LiB vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ekologickou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kterou sv\u011bt nem\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ijmout. \u201eNed\u00e1v\u00e1 smysl recyklovat LiB pomoc\u00ed procesu, kter\u00fd produkuje vysok\u00e9 emise uhl\u00edku a \u010d\u00e1stic, toxick\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody, strusky a mno\u017estv\u00ed chemick\u00fdch odpad\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b toho je v\u00fdstavba a provoz za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na recyklaci LiB n\u00e1kladn\u00e1, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Cotton. Projektov\u00fd mana\u017eer pokro\u010dil\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f NeoMetals<\/em> odhaduje provozn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na 1 560 USD na tunu zpracovan\u00fdch bateri\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed sofistikovan\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch emis\u00ed z procesu taven\u00ed. Pyroproces (taven\u00ed) je v sou\u010dasnosti prim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm pro recyklaci LiB, ale toto vysokoteplotn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed je z hlediska \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed neudr\u017eiteln\u00e9, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cotton.<\/p>\n

K synt\u00e9ze materi\u00e1l\u016f pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch pro v\u00fdrobu je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed teplo v rozmez\u00ed 800 a\u017e 1000 stup\u0148\u016f Celsia. Jedinou n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed metodou dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto teplot je v\u0161ak spalov\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k emis\u00edm CO2.<\/p>\n

Mno\u017estv\u00ed CO2 emitovan\u00e9ho b\u011bhem dlouh\u00e9ho procesu v\u00fdroby bateri\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, jak\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly jsou pou\u017eity a jak jsou z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u010c\u00edna vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 77 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm uhl\u00ed jako prim\u00e1rn\u00edho zdroje energie. Podle studie MIT<\/em> z \u010dervence 2022 v\u0161ak uhl\u00ed produkuje zhruba dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f ne\u017e zemn\u00ed plyn, co\u017e ze zemn\u00edho plynu \u010din\u00ed mnohem udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro v\u00fdrobu.<\/p>\n

Li AquaRefining<\/h3>\n

Spole\u010dnost Aqua Metals<\/em> vytvo\u0159ila efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a uhl\u00edkov\u011b \u00fasporn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed t\u011bchto ekologick\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f: Li AquaRefining. Tento proces vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 metodu galvanick\u00e9ho pokovov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kov jeden atom po druh\u00e9m, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se generuj\u00ed velmi \u010dist\u00e9 produkty vyu\u017eit\u00edm elekt\u0159iny jako \u010dinidla nam\u00edsto chemik\u00e1li\u00ed nebo vysok\u00e9ho tepla.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed uhl\u00edku je konven\u010dn\u00ed pyrotavic\u00ed proces neefektivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee slitiny kobaltu, niklu a dal\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f budou st\u00e1le vy\u017eadovat dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed. Podobn\u011b standardn\u00ed hydroproces (sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed) produkuje uhli\u010ditan lithn\u00fd, ale s\u00edrany kobaltu, niklu a manganu vy\u017eaduj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm AquaRefining z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 zp\u011bt vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed procento kov\u016f s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalitou; kobalt, nikl a m\u011b\u010f se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ve form\u011b \u010dist\u00e9ho kovu spolu s oxidem mangani\u010dit\u00fdm a hydroxidem lithn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

Zast\u00e1nci Li AquaRefining tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee je \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161et\u0159\u00ed v\u00edce energie ne\u017e jin\u00e9 procesy recyklace<\/em><\/p>\n

Tam, kde taven\u00ed vy\u017eaduje vysok\u00e9 teplo, pracuje AquaRefining p\u0159i pokojov\u00e9 teplot\u011b: \u201eNa za\u010d\u00e1tku dne se nic nemus\u00ed plnit chemik\u00e1liemi, na konci dne se tyto chemik\u00e1lie nelikviduj\u00ed a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 pec neuvol\u0148uje zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky a uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 emise do atmosf\u00e9ry. \u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 Regan. Podle spole\u010dnosti Aqua Metals<\/em> metoda poskytuje 95% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed toku chemick\u00e9ho odpadu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se standardn\u00edm hydrozpracov\u00e1n\u00edm a 99% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed uhl\u00edku oproti taven\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vitalita sou\u010dasnosti<\/h3>\n

Spole\u010dnost Aqua Metals<\/em> posouv\u00e1 tyto inovace na dal\u0161\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 a z\u00edskala 68 patent\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch 49 je v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. \u201eTyto patenty se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na\u0161\u00ed prvot\u0159\u00eddn\u00ed \u010dist\u00e9 recyklace olov\u011bn\u00fdch bateri\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Regan. Spole\u010dnost tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed dva patenty na technologii lithia a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed v brzk\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/p>\n

\u201eJsme velmi hrd\u00ed na to, \u017ee jsme jedin\u00fdm recykl\u00e1torem LiB v souladu s ministerstvem energetiky USA,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Cotton. “Jsme pln\u011b odhodl\u00e1ni b\u00fdt \u010distou s\u00edt\u00ed a toho dosahujeme t\u00edm, \u017ee 100 % na\u0161ich operac\u00ed a recykla\u010dn\u00edho procesu zaji\u0161\u0165ujeme obnoviteln\u00fdmi zdroji.”<\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee je to dosa\u017eiteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee Aqua Metals<\/em> je jedinou spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jako \u010dinidlo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 obnoviteln\u00e9 elektrony. \u201ePokud je technologie LiB p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edho p\u0159echodu na energii a elektromobily, zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1me a recyklujeme miner\u00e1ly pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 k v\u00fdrob\u011b bateri\u00ed, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch,\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Cotton.<\/p>\n

\u201eToto nen\u00ed jen budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzva; ji\u017e nyn\u00ed existuje velk\u00e1 a rychle rostouc\u00ed nab\u00eddka LiB. Pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f je tedy \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vybudovat n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed, \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnou recykla\u010dn\u00ed infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 je od po\u010d\u00e1tku ekologicky udr\u017eiteln\u00e1.\u201c<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s recyklac\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed (LiB) vzroste z 41 miliard USD v roce 2021 na 116,6 miliard USD do roku 2030, podle datov\u00fdch analytik\u016f ReportLinker, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00edm motorem r\u016fstu budou elektrick\u00e1 vozidla. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed vzroste odpad LiB produkovan\u00fd elektromobily na 11 milion\u016f metrick\u00fdch tun, co\u017e je dramatick\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst oproti 600 000 metrick\u00fdm tun\u00e1m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":21542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAquaRefining: p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace recyklace lithia? | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/aquarefining-pristi-generace-recyklace-lithia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"AquaRefining: p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace recyklace lithia?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trh s recyklac\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed (LiB) vzroste z 41 miliard USD v roce 2021 na 116,6 miliard USD do roku 2030, podle datov\u00fdch analytik\u016f ReportLinker, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e hlavn\u00edm motorem r\u016fstu budou elektrick\u00e1 vozidla. 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