{"id":20213,"date":"2022-04-13T13:20:51","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T11:20:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=20213"},"modified":"2022-04-14T14:49:57","modified_gmt":"2022-04-14T12:49:57","slug":"automobilovy-prumysl-celi-narustu-soudnich-sporu-v-oblasti-klimatu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/automobilovy-prumysl-celi-narustu-soudnich-sporu-v-oblasti-klimatu\/","title":{"rendered":"Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl \u010del\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu soudn\u00edch spor\u016f v oblasti klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch jurisdikc\u00edch klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ili sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v N\u011bmecku se stal hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Jak rostouc\u00ed tlak ze strany klimatick\u00fdch soudn\u00edch spor\u016f bude v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech utv\u00e1\u0159et automobilovou krajinu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bmecko je sv\u011bdkem nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny klimatu. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku aktivist\u00e9 podali \u017ealobu na dv\u011b n\u011bmeck\u00e9 automobilky kv\u016fli nezp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch emis\u00ed. Je to poprv\u00e9, co n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u017ealuj\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit emise. Jak\u00fd je v\u0161ak pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad a jak bude rostouc\u00ed tlak ze strany pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f v oblasti klimatu utv\u00e1\u0159et automobilovou krajinu v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech?<\/p>\n

V\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f jsou hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem soudn\u00edch spor\u016f<\/h3>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 automobilky \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edmu regula\u010dn\u00edmu tlaku na dekarbonizaci. Nevl\u00e1dn\u00ed organizace nav\u00edc za\u010daly vyu\u017e\u00edvat soudy k tomu, aby spole\u010dnosti donutily p\u0159ijmout p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed c\u00edle. Tato \u00e9ra klimatick\u00fdch spor\u016f v N\u011bmecku pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b za\u010dala p\u0159elomov\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho Spolkov\u00e9ho \u00fastavn\u00edho soudu (FCC) v b\u0159eznu 2021, kter\u00e9 shledalo n\u011bmeck\u00fd z\u00e1kon o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu jako \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b ne\u00fastavn\u00ed kv\u016fli poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v na svobodu \u017ealobc\u016f v budoucnu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd tlak p\u0159i\u0161el z Nizozemska po rozhodnut\u00ed okresn\u00edho soudu v Haagu proti Royal Dutch Shell v kv\u011btnu 2021. Soud na\u0159\u00eddil spole\u010dnosti Shell, aby do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017eila sv\u00e9 emise CO2 o 45 % ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u00farovn\u011bmi v roce 2019. Navzdory rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi nizozemsk\u00fdm a n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 z ekologick\u00e9 ak\u010dn\u00ed skupiny Deutsche Umwelthilfe (DUH) kr\u00e1tce po rozhodnut\u00ed Milieudefensie ozn\u00e1mili podobn\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed proti n\u011bmeck\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem.<\/p>\n

Po\u017eadavek DUH je, aby krajsk\u00e9 soudy na\u0159\u00eddily v\u00fdrobc\u016fm automobil\u016f, aby se celosv\u011btov\u011b zdr\u017eely prodeje voz\u016f se spalovac\u00edm motorem a hybridn\u00edm pohonem po 31. \u0159\u00edjnu 2030, pokud neprok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed neutralitu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f u voz\u016f prodan\u00fdch po tomto datu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 komise ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1mila sv\u016fj n\u00e1vrh na postupn\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed prodeje automobil\u016f se spalovac\u00edm motorem do roku 2035, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee aktivist\u00e9 DUH nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh Evropsk\u00e9 komise je pro spln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody nedostate\u010dn\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad aktivist\u016f<\/h3>\n

DUH zalo\u017eila sv\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti na kombinaci p\u0159estupkov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v zakotven\u00fdch v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fastav\u011b a tvrdila, \u017ee automobilky jsou pr\u00e1vn\u011b odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 za zp\u016fsoben\u00ed \u0161kody. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b se aktivist\u00e9 op\u00edraj\u00ed o judikaturu n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho soudu t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se mezi\u010dasov\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku z\u00e1kladn\u00edch svobodn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee auta se spalovac\u00edm motorem spot\u0159ebuj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho a n\u00e1rodn\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu na CO2. Tento rozpo\u010det je k dispozici, ne\u017e bude v roce 2045 nutn\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout neutrality sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f. Auty spot\u0159ebovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st rozpo\u010dtu vytvo\u0159\u00ed tak velkou z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, \u017ee sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed p\u0159esune do budouc\u00edch obdob\u00ed, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 budouc\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed svobody.<\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu aktivist\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b p\u0159istupuj\u00ed k oso\u010den\u00ed z poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00edch osobn\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Argumentuj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee emise CO2 v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f poru\u0161uj\u00ed jejich budouc\u00ed obecn\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va. Obecn\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 nejsou z\u00e1konn\u00e1 a maj\u00ed ko\u0159eny v z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1vech na svobodu, byla vyvinuta FCC a dal\u0161\u00edmi n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi soudy, aby chr\u00e1nily jednotlivce p\u0159ed \u00fatoky na jejich soukrom\u00fd \u017eivot a osobnost, jako je pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, upraven\u00e9 fotografie nebo fiktivn\u00ed rozhovory. Tato obecn\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va tak\u00e9 tvo\u0159ila z\u00e1klad pro rozhodnut\u00ed FCC z b\u0159ezna 2021. Aktivist\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jejich obecn\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va jsou naru\u0161ena o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi jejich budouc\u00edho obecn\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota, zp\u016fsoben\u00fdmi jedn\u00e1n\u00edm automobilek. Zda budou soudy souhlasit, se teprve uvid\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e budou muset pom\u011b\u0159ovat \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1va v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f, tedy pr\u00e1vo na majetek a svobodu povol\u00e1n\u00ed, s obecn\u00fdmi osobnostn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vy aktivist\u016f.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

DUH chce po region\u00e1ln\u00edch soudech, aby na\u0159\u00eddily v\u00fdrobc\u016fm glob\u00e1ln\u00ed zdr\u017een\u00ed prodeje <\/em>automobil\u016f se spalovac\u00edm motorem a hybridn\u00edm pohonem<\/em> po 31. \u0159\u00edjnu 2030, pokud neprok\u00e1\u017eou neutralitu sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pro aktivisty nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed je prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinn\u00e9 souvislosti. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f nen\u00e1vratn\u011b spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu na emise CO2, kter\u00e9 lze vysledovat pr\u00e1v\u011b k nim. P\u0159ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi soudy v\u0161ak nen\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159eno, zda a jak\u00e9 emise CO2 lze zahrnout z pohledu p\u0159estupkov\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, proto\u017ee velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st emis\u00ed nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed od samotn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f, ale od koncov\u00fdch u\u017eivatel\u016f jejich voz\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou t\u0159et\u00ed stranou. Tito koncov\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 t\u0159et\u00edch stran nejen\u017ee \u010din\u00ed sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed o kone\u010dn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed sv\u00fdch voz\u016f, ale \u010din\u00ed tato rozhodnut\u00ed tak\u00e9 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mimo N\u011bmecko, proto\u017ee n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00fdch voz\u016f do zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Aktivist\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed argumenty pou\u017eit\u00e9 v nizozemsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpadu Royal Dutch Shell, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 potvrdil tvrzen\u00ed s odkazy na c\u00edle Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 dohody a d\u016fkazy ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch IPCC. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd rozd\u00edl je v tom, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vy, jsou pr\u00e1vo na \u017eivot a pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00fd a rodinn\u00fd \u017eivot, jak jsou zakotveny v Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed \u017ealobci se op\u00edraj\u00ed o obecn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo osobnosti v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu. Odkaz na nizozemsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad zd\u016fraz\u0148uje trend, \u017ee argumenty v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu nejsou omezeny na domovskou jurisdikci; je to glob\u00e1ln\u00ed argument.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdznam klimatick\u00fdch \u017ealob<\/h3>\n

Aktivist\u00e9 vstupuj\u00ed na neprob\u00e1dan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi tvrzen\u00edmi a argumenty, \u017ee emise sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f mohou poru\u0161ovat obecn\u00e1 osobnostn\u00ed pr\u00e1va podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. Rozhodnut\u00ed krajsk\u00fdch soud\u016f v Mnichov\u011b a Stuttgartu budou m\u00edt skute\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na budoucnost spor\u016f o zm\u011bnu klimatu v N\u011bmecku.<\/p>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu by tyto \u017ealoby mohly otev\u0159\u00edt cestu k dal\u0161\u00edm soudn\u00edm spor\u016fm v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Zda v\u0161ak ochrana klimatu bude pokra\u010dovat soudy, nebo z\u016fstane v rukou z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce, se teprve uvid\u00ed. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00fd z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce odep\u0159el jednotlivc\u016fm mo\u017enost odvozovat pr\u00e1va a n\u00e1roky ze z\u00e1kona o zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, je sporn\u00e9, zda lze takov\u00e1 individu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1va stanovit \u201ezadn\u00edmi vr\u00e1tky\u201c soudn\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee FCC ned\u00e1vno odm\u00edtlo projednat p\u0159\u00edpad 11 \u00fastavn\u00edch st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed mlad\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch aktivist\u016f. \u017dalobci v podstat\u011b tvrdili, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, tedy organiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotky pod feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed, nebyly dostate\u010dn\u011b aktivn\u00ed, aby chr\u00e1nily \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1va \u017ealobc\u016f. Z rozhodnut\u00ed vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee pro \u017ealobce bude obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b argumentovat o sv\u00e9 ochran\u011b z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v na st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni, proto\u017ee odpov\u011bdnost le\u017e\u00ed na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti by proto m\u011bly i nad\u00e1le sledovat toto slo\u017eit\u00e9 rozhran\u00ed mezi st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi z\u00e1kony v oblasti zm\u011bny klimatu a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edmi soudn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edpady zalo\u017een\u00fdmi na nov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch teori\u00edch.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch jurisdikc\u00edch klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ili sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v N\u011bmecku se stal hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Jak rostouc\u00ed tlak ze strany klimatick\u00fdch soudn\u00edch spor\u016f bude v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech utv\u00e1\u0159et automobilovou krajinu? N\u011bmecko je sv\u011bdkem nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny klimatu. V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku aktivist\u00e9 podali \u017ealobu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":20214,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAutomobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl \u010del\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu soudn\u00edch spor\u016f v oblasti klimatu | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/automobilovy-prumysl-celi-narustu-soudnich-sporu-v-oblasti-klimatu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl \u010del\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fstu soudn\u00edch spor\u016f v oblasti klimatu\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zat\u00edmco v jin\u00fdch jurisdikc\u00edch klimati\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ili sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed na \u017ealov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, v N\u011bmecku se stal hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Jak rostouc\u00ed tlak ze strany klimatick\u00fdch soudn\u00edch spor\u016f bude v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech utv\u00e1\u0159et automobilovou krajinu? N\u011bmecko je sv\u011bdkem nov\u00e9 \u00e9ry soudn\u00edch spor\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se zm\u011bny klimatu. 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