{"id":28812,"date":"2025-03-09T20:35:05","date_gmt":"2025-03-09T19:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=28812"},"modified":"2025-03-12T20:42:06","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T19:42:06","slug":"dvacet-minut-na-nabijecce-a-dojezd-tisic-kilometru-elektromobily-dospivaji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/dvacet-minut-na-nabijecce-a-dojezd-tisic-kilometru-elektromobily-dospivaji\/","title":{"rendered":"Dvacet minut na nab\u00edje\u010dce a dojezd tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f. Elektromobily dosp\u00edvaj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dva hlavn\u00ed argumenty t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed elektromobiln\u00ed auta nemilosrdn\u011b tepou, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ustupovat do pozad\u00ed. Doba pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k\u00a0nab\u00edjen\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b kles\u00e1. Co naopak roste, je po\u010det kilometr\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou elektromobily schopn\u00e9 ujet na jedno nabit\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Doned\u00e1vna to vypadalo, \u017ee majitel\u00e9 elektromobil\u016f musej\u00ed spoustu pen\u011bz utr\u00e1cet za ob\u011bdy v\u00a0restaurac\u00edch na \u010derpac\u00edch stanic\u00edch, pobl\u00ed\u017e kter\u00fdch jsou nab\u00edjec\u00ed stojany. Dob\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161inu baterie toti\u017e b\u011b\u017en\u011b zabralo i\u00a0hodinu. Jednak kv\u016fli pomal\u00fdm stojan\u016fm s\u00a0v\u00fdkonem nanejv\u00fd\u0161 pades\u00e1t kilowatt\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 kv\u016fli aut\u016fm samotn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm, jak se rychlost nab\u00edje\u010dek zvy\u0161uje, kdy standardem je dnes v\u00fdkon alespo\u0148 150 kilowatt\u016f, se ob\u011bd b\u011bhem dob\u00edjen\u00ed zm\u011bnil na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu WC a\u00a0vypit\u00ed jedn\u00e9 k\u00e1vy. A\u00a0i\u00a0to u\u017e bude u\u00a0velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti elektroaut jinak. Z\u016fstane nejsp\u00ed\u0161 jen ta k\u00e1va. Tedy pokud si ji v\u00a0r\u00e1mci mo\u017enost\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u010derpac\u00edch stanic n\u011bkdo dok\u00e1\u017ee dostate\u010dn\u011b vychutnat.<\/p>\n

\u017de to tak m\u016f\u017ee skute\u010dn\u011b b\u00fdt, naposledy dok\u00e1zala automobilka Volvo, kter\u00e1 tento t\u00fdden p\u0159edstavila elektrickou limuz\u00ednu ES90. \u201ePoprv\u00e9 m\u016f\u017eeme v\u016fz nab\u00edt z\u00a0deseti na osmdes\u00e1t procent kapacity baterie za pouh\u00fdch dvacet minut, a\u00a0to pomoc\u00ed 350kilowattov\u00e9 rychlonab\u00edjec\u00ed stanice,\u201c cituje magaz\u00edn Automotive News Europe Simona Vizziniho,\u00a0technologick\u00e9ho mana\u017eera pro bateriov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n

T\u00edm hlavn\u00edm, co tak rychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjen\u00ed dovoluje, je Volvem pou\u017eit\u00e1 osmisetvoltov\u00e1 architektura, kter\u00e1 dob\u00edjen\u00ed oproti mnohem \u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dty\u0159setvoltov\u00e9 architektu\u0159e v\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychluje. \u201eB\u011bhem d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 j\u00edzdy, kdy je t\u0159eba zastavit na rychlodob\u00edjec\u00ed stanici, jsou vozy se 400V architekturou obvykle limitovan\u00e9 t\u00edm, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou nab\u00edjet maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 250 kilowatty nab\u00edjec\u00edho v\u00fdkonu. To plat\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad pro Teslu,\u201c\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Jan Stan\u011bk, investor a\u00a0tv\u016frce vide\u00ed na YouTube kan\u00e1lu Electrodad.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Volvo u nov\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho modelu ES90 slibuje dojezd a\u017e 700 kilometr\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

Prakticky se d\u011bje to, \u017ee rychlost dob\u00edjen\u00ed je obvykle 140 a\u017e 200 kilowatt\u016f, co\u017e se d\u00e1 vzt\u00e1hnout na BMW, Mercedes-Benz, \u0160kodu nebo Volkswagen A\u00a0to nav\u00edc pouze v\u00a0prvn\u00edch minut\u00e1ch nab\u00edjen\u00ed. Nabit\u00ed akumul\u00e1toru takov\u00e9ho elektromobilu z\u00a0deseti na osmdes\u00e1t procent tak trv\u00e1 p\u016fl hodiny.<\/p>\n

\u201eD\u00edky 800V architektu\u0159e lze teoreticky dos\u00e1hnout dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9ho nab\u00edjec\u00edho v\u00fdkonu, v\u00a0praxi na 240 a\u017e 350, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci dosahuj\u00ed a\u017e 540 kilowatt\u016f. \u010cas nab\u00edjen\u00ed na cest\u00e1ch se tak dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na osmn\u00e1ct minut a\u00a0\u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 elektromobily nab\u00edzej\u00ed i\u00a0jeden\u00e1ct minut,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Stan\u011bk.<\/p>\n

Volvo nen\u00ed prvn\u00ed, kdo na 800V platformu s\u00e1z\u00ed. Na syst\u00e9m ultrarychl\u00e9ho dob\u00edjen\u00ed jako prvn\u00ed v\u00a0r\u00e1mci s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby nasko\u010dilo Porsche s\u00a0modelem Taycan, k\u00a0n\u011bmu\u017e p\u0159idalo i\u00a0mal\u00e9 SUV Macan.<\/p>\n

Z mainstreamov\u00fdch zna\u010dek n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159ibylo i\u00a0Audi s\u00a0modely e-tron GT, A6 e-tron a\u00a0Q6 e-tron. Stranou pak u\u017e nestoj\u00ed ani korejsk\u00e9 zna\u010dky Kia s\u00a0modely EV6 a\u00a0EV9 a\u00a0Hyundai s\u00a0modely Ioniq 5 a\u00a0Ioniq 6.<\/p>\n

U v\u0161ech se \u010dasy dob\u00edjen\u00ed z\u00a0deseti na osmdes\u00e1t procent kapacity baterie m\u00edrn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed, ale obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee plus minus dvacet minut na ultrarychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjec\u00ed stanici sta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na nab\u00edje\u010dce nav\u00edc nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba dob\u00edjet takzvan\u011b do plna. U\u00a0nov\u00e9ho Volva toti\u017e deset minut sta\u010d\u00ed, aby se dojezd prodlou\u017eil o\u00a0300 kilometr\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00edc ne\u017e 180 kilometr\u016f u\u00a0400voltov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e1 zna\u010dka zaparkovan\u00e1 pod \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm koncernem Geely nab\u00edz\u00ed u\u00a0sv\u00fdch ostatn\u00edch elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n

Cena za osm set volt\u016f<\/h4>\n

Faktem ale je, \u017ee 800V architektura se zat\u00edm dostala hlavn\u011b do elektromobil\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenov\u00e9 hladiny. Na porsche pot\u0159ebujete alespo\u0148 dva miliony a\u00a0to sam\u00e9 plat\u00ed u\u00a0Audi a\u00a0Volva. V\u00fdjimkou je pouze Kia EV6 se z\u00e1kladn\u00ed cenou m\u00edrn\u011b p\u0159es 1,2 milionu a\u00a0o\u00a0v\u00edc ne\u017e sto tis\u00edc levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Hyundai Ioniq. Levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektromobily sice jsou, ale ty spol\u00e9haj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b na \u010dty\u0159setvoltovou dob\u00edjec\u00ed architekturu.<\/p>\n

\u0160kodovky, volkswageny, peugeoty, renaulty\u2026 a\u00a0pokud vynech\u00e1me model v\u00a0Evrop\u011b ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nenab\u00edzenou Teslu Cybertruck, tak i\u00a0auta z\u00a0d\u00edlny Elona Muska. Elektromobily t\u011bchto zna\u010dek p\u0159i\u00a0rychlosti nab\u00edjen\u00ed tahaj\u00ed za krat\u0161\u00ed konec. I\u00a0kdy\u017e jsou nov\u00e1, nap\u0159\u00edklad jako \u0161kodov\u00e1ck\u00fd model Elroq, po\u0159\u00e1d vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed 400V architekturu.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvod\u016f je v\u00edc. T\u00edm jedn\u00edm jsou takzvan\u00e9 platformy, nebo tak\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady voz\u016f, kter\u00e9 automobilov\u00e9 koncerny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed skrze cel\u00e9 sv\u00e9 portfolio. Volkswagen pro sv\u00e9 \u201emasov\u00e9\u201c elektromobily pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u011b platformu MEB, na n\u00ed\u017e stoj\u00ed \u0160koda Enyaq i\u00a0\u0160koda Elroq, Volkswagen ID.3 i\u00a0v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ID.7. A\u00a0tato p\u0159ed lety vyvinut\u00e1 platforma pracuje s\u00a0400V architekturou.<\/p>\n

\u0160koda Auto podle mluv\u010d\u00ed Michaely Sklen\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e9 400V architekturu s\u00a0p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k\u00a0technick\u00fdm, n\u00e1kladov\u00fdm a\u00a0z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm pova\u017euje za ide\u00e1ln\u00ed. Vliv na preferovan\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed podle n\u00ed m\u00e1 i\u00a0dostupn\u00e1 nab\u00edjec\u00ed infrastruktura. \u201eOptimalizac\u00ed a\u00a0kontinu\u00e1ln\u00edm vylep\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00edm nab\u00edjec\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed na\u0161ich elektrick\u00fdch voz\u016f, kde doba nabit\u00ed z\u00a0deseti na osmdes\u00e1t procent u\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch nab\u00edzen\u00fdch bateri\u00ed nep\u0159esahuje 28 minut, zvy\u0161ujeme z\u00e1kaznick\u00fd komfort a\u00a0jejich v\u0161estrann\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed,\u201c sd\u011blila Sklen\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Nov\u00fd Enyaq<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eByla vyv\u00edjena jako cenov\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Nav\u00edc v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy vznikala, cena n\u011bkter\u00fdch pro 800V architekturu pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch komponent byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e1 a\u00a0jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed by cenu auta zbyte\u010dn\u011b navy\u0161ovalo,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Martin Pultzner, jen\u017e stoj\u00ed za webem fDrive.cz zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na elektromobilitu.<\/p>\n

Osmisetvoltov\u00e1 platforma tak nejd\u0159\u00edv zam\u00ed\u0159ila do aut, u\u00a0nich\u017e byli z\u00e1kazn\u00edci ochotni vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu p\u0159ijmout. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdvoj byl dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0technicky o\u00a0n\u011bco n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale na druhou stranu jej\u00ed masivn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed zlev\u0148uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee si vysta\u010d\u00ed s\u00a0ten\u010d\u00edmi kabely, tak\u017ee v\u00fdrobce \u0161et\u0159\u00ed na drah\u00e9 m\u011bdi a\u00a0auto je d\u00edky tomu tak\u00e9 o\u00a0n\u011bco leh\u010d\u00ed, co\u017e je pro elektromobility z\u00e1sadn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Bude tedy 800V architektura brzy standardem u\u00a0v\u0161ech elektroaut? Podle Martina Pultznera i\u00a0Jana Sta\u0148ka se to nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nestane. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 je, \u017ee schopnost rychl\u00e9ho dob\u00edjen\u00ed v\u00a0horizontu p\u011bti let takzvan\u011b propadne i\u00a0k\u00a0voz\u016fm st\u0159edn\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy s\u00a0cenovkou kolem 800 tis\u00edc korun. Z\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00edho pohledu levn\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 elektromobily, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed cenu 500 tis\u00edc ale z\u016fstanou u\u00a0400 volt\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed auto, t\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed baterie a\u00a0men\u0161\u00ed dojezd. Takov\u00e9 auto slou\u017e\u00ed hlavn\u011b na krat\u0161\u00ed j\u00edzdy do pr\u00e1ce, po\u00a0m\u011bst\u011b, na chatu. Tud\u00ed\u017e se d\u00e1 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee se v\u011bt\u0161inou bude dob\u00edjet p\u0159i\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm parkov\u00e1n\u00ed doma nebo v\u00a0gar\u00e1\u017ei kancel\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 budovy. Ultrarychl\u00e9 dob\u00edjen\u00ed tak nen\u00ed pot\u0159eba, proto ani investice do dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed platformy s\u00a0800V ned\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 smysl. Tou budou vybaven\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed auta s\u00a0rol\u00ed prvn\u00edho vozu v\u00a0rodin\u011b,\u201c p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 Pultzner.<\/p>\n

P\u0159es tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f na jedno nabit\u00ed?<\/h4>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bnu ve vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed elektromobil\u016f p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed i\u00a0novinky ze sv\u011bta bateri\u00ed, tedy sou\u010d\u00e1stky, kter\u00e1 v\u00a0r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho vozu b\u011b\u017en\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edc ne\u017e t\u0159etinu jeho hodnoty. Hlavn\u00edm t\u00e9matem v\u00a0automobilk\u00e1ch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sv\u011btem je nov\u00fd typ polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 baterie, d\u00edky n\u00ed\u017e by auta mohla na jedno nabit\u00ed ujet v\u00edc ne\u017e tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f.<\/p>\n

Do testov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017e se pustila automobilka Mercedes-Benz, kter\u00e1 novou baterii dala do limuz\u00edny EQS. Podle vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zna\u010dky se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee tato baterie umo\u017e\u0148uje a\u017e o\u00a0\u010dtvrtinu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dojezd ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se stejnou hmotnost\u00ed a\u00a0velikost\u00ed baterie odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed standardn\u00ed baterii pou\u017eit\u00e9 v\u00a0s\u00e9riov\u00e9m EQS.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Polovodi\u010dov\u00e9 baterie m\u016f\u017eou p\u0159in\u00e9st pr\u016flom v dojezdu elektromobil\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee vlajkov\u00e1 elektrolo\u010f m\u00e1 b\u011b\u017enou lithium-iontovou baterii s\u00a0kapacitou 118 kWh, kapacita baterie testovan\u00e9ho auta se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila hranici 150 kWh. I\u00a0proto Mercedes ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zmi\u0148uje p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed hranice dojezdu p\u0159es tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f. Vzhledem k\u00a0tomu, \u017ee do test\u016f polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed se pou\u0161t\u00ed prakticky v\u0161echny automobilov\u00e9 koncerny, d\u00e1 se jejich nasazen\u00ed p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat je\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0r\u00e1mci t\u00e9to dek\u00e1dy.<\/p>\n

Ale zp\u00e1tky do sou\u010dasnosti. Hlavn\u00ed roli ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b elektroaut toti\u017e st\u00e1le hraj\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00e9 (Li-Ion) baterie, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji dopl\u0148uj\u00ed baterie lithium-\u017eelezo-fosf\u00e1tov\u00e9\u00a0 (LFP). P\u0159i\u00a0v\u00fdb\u011bru, \u010demu d\u00e1t p\u0159ednost, op\u011bt z\u00e1vis\u00ed hlavn\u011b na tom, jak se auto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je automobilka Tesla, kter\u00e1 do sv\u00fdch aut montuje oba typy \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. Do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a\u00a0dra\u017e\u0161\u00edch verz\u00ed sv\u00fdch aut s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonem a\u00a0p\u0159edpokladem, \u017ee poslou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0del\u0161\u00edm cest\u00e1m, jde o\u00a0\u010dl\u00e1nky s\u00a0Li-Ion technologi\u00ed. Do ostatn\u00edch pak ukr\u00fdv\u00e1 LFP \u010dl\u00e1nky, kter\u00e9 se obecn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed do elektromobil\u016f ur\u010den\u00fdch hlavn\u011b do m\u011bsta s\u00a0kapacitn\u011b men\u0161\u00edmi bateriemi, krat\u0161\u00edm dojezdem a\u00a0ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonem.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdhodou LFP \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f je to, \u017ee jim nevad\u00ed \u010dast\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed do sta procent kapacity (Li-Ion se ide\u00e1ln\u011b nab\u00edj\u00ed jen do osmdes\u00e1ti procent), jsou oproti Li-Ion \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016fm i\u00a0v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b ho\u0159lav\u00e9 a\u00a0\u017eelezo v\u00a0nich nahrazuje dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, jako je nikl, mangan nebo kobalt. I\u00a0proto se s\u00a0nimi v\u00a0cenov\u011b p\u0159\u00edstupn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektromobilech budeme setk\u00e1vat \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e nyn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: forbes.cz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dva hlavn\u00ed argumenty t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed elektromobiln\u00ed auta nemilosrdn\u011b tepou, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed ustupovat do pozad\u00ed. Doba pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k\u00a0nab\u00edjen\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b kles\u00e1. Co naopak roste, je po\u010det kilometr\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou elektromobily schopn\u00e9 ujet na jedno nabit\u00ed. Doned\u00e1vna to vypadalo, \u017ee majitel\u00e9 elektromobil\u016f musej\u00ed spoustu pen\u011bz utr\u00e1cet za ob\u011bdy v\u00a0restaurac\u00edch na \u010derpac\u00edch stanic\u00edch, pobl\u00ed\u017e kter\u00fdch jsou nab\u00edjec\u00ed stojany. Dob\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161inu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":28813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDvacet minut na nab\u00edje\u010dce a dojezd tis\u00edc kilometr\u016f. 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Co naopak roste, je po\u010det kilometr\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou elektromobily schopn\u00e9 ujet na jedno nabit\u00ed. Doned\u00e1vna to vypadalo, \u017ee majitel\u00e9 elektromobil\u016f musej\u00ed spoustu pen\u011bz utr\u00e1cet za ob\u011bdy v\u00a0restaurac\u00edch na \u010derpac\u00edch stanic\u00edch, pobl\u00ed\u017e kter\u00fdch jsou nab\u00edjec\u00ed stojany. 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