{"id":27163,"date":"2024-10-06T16:54:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T14:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=27163"},"modified":"2024-10-09T17:13:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T15:13:46","slug":"automobilky-se-obavaji-pristiho-roku-musi-stlacit-spotrebu-aut-pod-ctyri-litry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/automobilky-se-obavaji-pristiho-roku-musi-stlacit-spotrebu-aut-pod-ctyri-litry\/","title":{"rendered":"Automobilky se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. Mus\u00ed stla\u010dit spot\u0159ebu aut pod \u010dty\u0159i litry"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba nov\u00fdch aut v Evropsk\u00e9 unii by m\u011bla p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok odpov\u00eddat ekvivalentu 3,9 litru benz\u00ednu nebo 3,5 litru nafty. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod c\u00edlem 93,6 gramu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho na kilometr j\u00edzdy. Pokud to automobilky nespln\u00ed, budou muset platit pokuty za nadm\u011brn\u00e9 emise, a to rovnou 95 eur za ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden gram u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho prodan\u00e9ho vozu.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 je alespo\u0148 teorie. Ta by sama o sob\u011b znamenala, \u017ee pokud by nap\u0159\u00edklad \u0160koda prod\u00e1vala jen octavii 1.5 TSI s pap\u00edrovou spot\u0159ebou 5,5 litru benz\u00ednu na sto, musela by za ka\u017edou platit pokutu v p\u0159epo\u010dtu 70 tis\u00edc korun.<\/p>\n

Re\u00e1ln\u00e9 c\u00edle jsou ale i d\u00edky lobbingu automobilek o n\u011bco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 se nadv\u00e1ha jednotliv\u00fdch aut, a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed auta tak maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed limity a p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed se bonusov\u00e9 gramy za to, \u017ee v\u00fdrobce investuje do zelen\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i ka\u017ed\u00fd prodan\u00fd elektromobil, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 z pohledu regulace nulov\u00e9 emise, v\u00fdsledn\u00fd pr\u016fm\u011br v\u00fdrazn\u011b sni\u017euje. Proto nakonec i zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 octavia nemus\u00ed \u0160kodu z pohledu pokut tolik tr\u00e1pit.<\/p>\n

Ani se slevou<\/h3>\n

Automobilky ale v posledn\u00edch dnech bij\u00ed na poplach a sna\u017e\u00ed se tla\u010dit na\u00a0Evropskou komisi, aby c\u00edle na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok zm\u00edrnila. Tla\u010d\u00ed se tak i na jednotliv\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy. Ministr dopravy Martin Kupka u\u017e se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tak\u00e9 zkus\u00ed pomoci tla\u010dit na Brusel, aby se automobilk\u00e1m ustoupilo.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee se \u010dekalo, \u017ee prodej elektromobil\u016f d\u00e1l poroste – v\u00fdrobci s\u00e1zeli na to, \u017ee do sv\u00e9ho mixu dostanou v\u00edce voz\u016f s nulov\u00fdmi \u010di t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nulov\u00fdmi emisemi a z\u00e1rove\u0148, \u017ee dos\u00e1hnou na dal\u0161\u00ed bonusy napojen\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl elektromobil\u016f v celkov\u00fdch prodej\u00edch. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u00e1r let zp\u011bt to vypadalo, \u017ee nebude probl\u00e9m vyr\u00e1b\u011bt i velk\u00e1 benz\u00ednov\u00e1 SUV s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou a zd\u00e1nliv\u011b nedosa\u017eiteln\u00e9 emisn\u00ed c\u00edle nakonec p\u016fjde zvl\u00e1dnout i bez pokut – sta\u010d\u00ed zkr\u00e1tka prod\u00e1vat dost elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n

Te\u010f je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee popt\u00e1vka po elektrick\u00fdch autech ochladla a nev\u00ed se, co bude d\u00e1l. V N\u011bmecku, na nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m trhu, skon\u010dily loni na elektrick\u00e1 auta \u0161t\u011bdr\u00e9 dotace a s t\u00edm popt\u00e1vka pro elektromobilech v\u00fdrazn\u011b klesla. V cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b podle dat svazu ACEA klesl prodej bateriov\u00fdch voz\u016f za prvn\u00edch osm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f leto\u0161n\u00edho roku o 8,4 procenta. To samo o sob\u011b nevypad\u00e1 jako trag\u00e9die, probl\u00e9m ale je, \u017ee cel\u00fd obor \u010dekal ve v\u00fdhledech v\u00fdrazn\u00fd r\u016fst. Letos proto p\u0159i\u0161lo velk\u00e9 vyst\u0159\u00edzliv\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b loni mohli z\u00e1stupci automobilek mluvit o tom, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 pokuty platit nebudou. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1dali, \u017ee i kdyby jim to n\u00e1hodou hrozilo, rad\u011bji to\u00a0\u201edaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy rad\u011bji nacpou na trh se ztr\u00e1tou v\u00edc elektromobil\u016f, aby do evropsk\u00e9 pokladny nakonec nic d\u00e1vat nemuseli. Jen\u017ee v tehdej\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdhledech se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee bude elektromobil\u016fm pot\u0159eba pomoci jen m\u00e1lo a za m\u00e1lo pen\u011bz. Letos to u\u017e v\u0161echno vypad\u00e1 jinak a probl\u00e9m bude zjevn\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla ale chyb\u00ed, automobilky jsou tajupln\u00e9 i p\u0159ed sv\u00fdmi investory. V\u00ed se jen to, \u017ee prodeje elektroaut jsou a nejsp\u00ed\u0161e i n\u011bjakou dobu budou v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e se \u010dekalo. Automobilky tak maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b bezemisn\u00edch aut ve sv\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m mixu a je nad nimi v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hrozba pokut za nadm\u011brn\u00e9 emise. Te\u010f ale \u0159e\u0161\u00ed, zda jsou v\u016fbec z\u00e1kazn\u00edci, kter\u00fdm by \u0161lo o tolik v\u00edce elektromobil\u016f i se slevou udat.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou podle pr\u016fzkum\u016f nen\u00ed dojezd. Zmi\u0148ov\u00e1na je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ta hodnoty. Zde ale nejde o to, \u017ee by ojet\u00fd elektromobil byl k ni\u010demu. Pot\u00ed\u017e je v tom, \u017ee b\u011bhem p\u00e1r let v\u00fdrobci p\u0159edstav\u00ed lep\u0161\u00ed elektromobily s lep\u0161\u00edmi vlastnostmi a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenou. Velkou ranou pro majitele elektromobil\u016f byly i lo\u0148sk\u00e9 slevy Tesly a leto\u0161n\u00ed podpultov\u00e9 nab\u00eddky \u0159ady dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, co\u017e v\u0161echno dohromady d\u00e1l sni\u017euje ceny ojet\u00fdch aut. Firmy, kter\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad po t\u0159ech letech flotilu m\u011bn\u00ed, mohou zjistit, \u017ee je na ztr\u00e1t\u011b hodnoty elektromobil st\u00e1l z\u00e1sadn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e srovnateln\u00e9 naftov\u00e9 auto. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v\u0161e padne na leasingovou spole\u010dnost, a ta bude p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edch kalkulac\u00edch o to opatrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Situaci v tomto sm\u011bru nevylep\u0161uje ani dne\u0161ek, ti, kte\u0159\u00ed si elektroauto koupili p\u0159ed lety a nyn\u00ed ho cht\u011bj\u00ed prodat, tak d\u011blaj\u00ed v situaci, kde se automobilky sna\u017e\u00ed udat co nejv\u00edce elektromobil\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 ale nemaj\u00ed dost z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Nab\u00edz\u00ed proto r\u016fzn\u00e1 zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v d\u016fsledku d\u00e1l sni\u017euj\u00ed hodnotu ojet\u00fdch elektroaut.<\/p>\n

Mnoh\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jemce odrazuje i drah\u00e9 poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee i p\u0159i relativn\u011b mal\u00e9 nehod\u011b se m\u016f\u017ee m\u011bnit cel\u00e1 baterie, a obecn\u011b i nab\u00edjec\u00ed infrastruktura. Hlavn\u011b firmy, kter\u00e9 nemaj\u00ed mo\u017enost vlastn\u00edho dob\u00edjen\u00ed a daj\u00ed zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm se slu\u017eebn\u00edmi vozy s nab\u00edjen\u00edm volnou ruku, se mohou dostat s n\u00e1klady na samotn\u00e9 palivo i na n\u00e1sobky toho, na co jsou zvykl\u00e9 u naftov\u00fdch aut. I v \u010cesku se lze dostat p\u0159es sedm korun za kilometr, kdy\u017e se a drah\u00fdch nab\u00edjec\u00edch stanic\u00ed se \u0161patnou nab\u00edjec\u00ed kartou.<\/p>\n

Dopadlo to jako v\u017edycky<\/h3>\n

Syst\u00e9m pokut na prvn\u00ed pohled vypad\u00e1 jako racion\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 automobilka si m\u016f\u017ee vybrat, jak c\u00edle dos\u00e1hne a je motivovan\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b \u00fasporn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch voz\u016f a naopak k potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010di penalizaci (zdra\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed) t\u011bch \u017e\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch. V\u0161e nikdy nem\u011blo slou\u017eit k vyb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pokut. Hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek vid\u00edme na evropsk\u00e9m trhu pom\u011brn\u011b jasn\u011b: vozy s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi emisemi, tedy hlavn\u011b \u0161esti a osmiv\u00e1lcov\u00e9 motory,\u00a0postupn\u011b miz\u00ed z nab\u00eddky a z\u016fstaly prakticky jen ty, kde jsou za to z\u00e1kazn\u00edci ochotni zaplatit. V\u00fdrobci ud\u011blali t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e k tomu, aby sn\u00ed\u017eili spot\u0159ebu o ka\u017ed\u00fd mo\u017en\u00fd decilitr a masivn\u011b investovali do technologi\u00ed a na trh uvedli i \u0159adu elektromobil\u016f \u010di hybrid\u016f do z\u00e1suvky. Teoreticky by pokuty m\u011bly motivovat automobilku k tomu, \u017ee velk\u00e1 a \u017e\u00edzniv\u00e1 auta by prost\u011b zdra\u017eila a elektromobily nebo t\u0159eba mal\u00e1 \u00fasporn\u00e1 auta by v podstat\u011b dotovala. Jen\u017ee tento evropsk\u00fd c\u00edl nar\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na realitu. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 automobilka nen\u00ed ve vzduchopr\u00e1zdnu, aby si mohla nastavovat ceny tak, aby se vyhnula pokut\u00e1m. Nav\u00edc ka\u017ed\u00fd pracuje s jinou skupinou z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladem mohou b\u00fdt velk\u00e1 a siln\u00e1 SUV. Pro jednoho v\u00fdrobce je to jen z\u00e1le\u017eitost, jak si zlep\u0161it sv\u00e9 image, takov\u00e1 v\u00fdkladn\u00ed sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148 toho, co dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vyrobit. Koup\u00ed si to u nich ale jen p\u00e1r z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, proto budou ochotni je nab\u00edzet i s p\u0159\u00edpadnou ztr\u00e1tou. Pro druhou automobilku, ale mohou b\u00fdt velk\u00e9 SUV s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebou z\u00e1kladem jejich zisku a nebudou tak v pozici, kdy mohou teoretick\u00e9 pokuty pln\u011b p\u0159en\u00e9st na z\u00e1kazn\u00edky. Ti by prost\u011b p\u0159e\u0161li k levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed konkurenci.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 cenotvorba aut je velk\u00e1 alchymie, kdy se nejen p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed k cen\u00e1m konkurence, ale tak\u00e9 cesta k maximalizaci celkov\u00e9ho zisku. V\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edplatky za lep\u0161\u00ed motor, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdbavu \u010di odskok k modelu vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy se prodejci sna\u017e\u00ed co nejl\u00e9pe nastavit, aby jednak maxim\u00e1ln\u011b vyd\u011blali a aby byli st\u00e1le konkurenceschopn\u00ed. Hroz\u00edc\u00ed pokuty za vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed emise z toho d\u011blaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 raketovou v\u011bdu.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u016f\u017ee syst\u00e9m vytvo\u0159it i pot\u00ed\u017ee pro automobilky jako je Tesla, kter\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed jen bezemisn\u00ed vozy. Pokud by dal\u0161\u00ed automobilky tla\u010dily na trh elektromobily se ztr\u00e1tou jen s c\u00edlem vyhnout se pokut\u00e1m za vozy se spalovac\u00edmi motory, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro jejich byznysu a zisku, mohlo b\u00fdt to trh je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce k\u0159ivit.<\/p>\n

Pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jsou i \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 automobilky, kter\u00e1 na evropsk\u00e9m trhu nejsou etablovan\u00e9, a mohou tu tak snadno nab\u00edzet jen to, s \u010d\u00edm emisn\u00ed limity spln\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad ide\u00e1ln\u00ed mix elektromobil\u016f a aut se spalovac\u00edmi motory.\u00a0Na rozd\u00edl od evropsk\u00fdch automobilek proto nebudou zat\u00ed\u017eeny hrozbou ob\u0159\u00edch pokut, a to d\u00e1l zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed jejich konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n

Nastaven\u00ed pokut na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok je ale jen za\u010d\u00e1tkem. V\u0161e se m\u00e1 postupn\u011b rok za rokem zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ovat s t\u00edm, aby elektromobily p\u0159i\u0161ly do roku 2035 i bez nutnosti spalovac\u00ed motory \u201ezakazovat\u201c. Pokud se n\u011bco nezm\u011bn\u00ed, budou automobilky jen ve slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed situaci.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: e15.cz<\/p>\n

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Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba nov\u00fdch aut v Evropsk\u00e9 unii by m\u011bla p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok odpov\u00eddat ekvivalentu 3,9 litru benz\u00ednu nebo 3,5 litru nafty. Pr\u00e1v\u011b to se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod c\u00edlem 93,6 gramu oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho na kilometr j\u00edzdy. Pokud to automobilky nespln\u00ed, budou muset platit pokuty za nadm\u011brn\u00e9 emise, a to rovnou 95 eur za ka\u017ed\u00fd jeden gram u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":27164,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAutomobilky se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. 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