{"id":23140,"date":"2023-09-06T12:42:11","date_gmt":"2023-09-06T10:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=23140"},"modified":"2023-09-07T13:03:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-07T11:03:49","slug":"konec-zivotnosti-by-mel-znamenat-vyuziti-hodnoty-nikoli-nakladani-s-odpadem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/konec-zivotnosti-by-mel-znamenat-vyuziti-hodnoty-nikoli-nakladani-s-odpadem\/","title":{"rendered":"Konec \u017eivotnosti by m\u011bl znamenat vyu\u017eit\u00ed hodnoty, nikoli nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadem"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po lithium-iontov\u00fdch (Li-ion) bateri\u00edch v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed rychle poroste. Zpr\u00e1va spole\u010dnosti McKinsey & Co z ledna 2023 odhaduje, \u017ee ze 700 GWh v roce 2022 vzroste do roku 2030 o 571 % na 4,7 TWh. Anal\u00fdza dat proveden\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm f\u00f3rem v \u010dervenci 2022 v\u0161ak dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee prudce rostouc\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po elektromobilech by mohla brzy p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161it zaveden\u00e9 kapacity t\u011b\u017eby i z\u00e1soby lithia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pokud nedojde k v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch inovativn\u00edch technik t\u011b\u017eby, m\u016f\u017ee se optimalizace star\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu uk\u00e1zat jako nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nejudr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u011b nejp\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak zachovat dynamiku elektrifikace automobil\u016f. D\u016fraz na mo\u017enosti recyklace a op\u011btovn\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed po skon\u010den\u00ed \u017eivotnosti by n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohl udr\u017eet kritick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly v ob\u011bhu a pomoci zabr\u00e1nit hroz\u00edc\u00edmu nedostatku dod\u00e1vek.<\/p>\n

P\u0159irozen\u00e1 hodnota<\/h4>\n

Spole\u010dnost Redwood Materials se s\u00eddlem v Nevad\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159uje na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kruhov\u00e9ho dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce pro Li-ion v USA. Recyklace tvo\u0159\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st jejich aktivit, ale schopnosti spole\u010dnosti Redwood v oblasti hodnocen\u00ed jdou mnohem d\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

„Baterie EoL maj\u00ed p\u0159irozenou hodnotu,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Jackson Switzer, v\u00edceprezident pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed obchodu a tr\u017en\u00ed strategii. „N\u00e1\u0161 pohled se net\u00fdk\u00e1 ani tak nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadem, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e toho, jak tuto hodnotu nejl\u00e9pe z\u00edskat a znovu vyu\u017e\u00edt.“ Spole\u010dnost se proto zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na sb\u011br bateri\u00ed, rozklad a zu\u0161lech\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f v nich obsa\u017een\u00fdch pomoc\u00ed hydrometalurgick\u00fdch metod a n\u00e1slednou op\u011btovnou v\u00fdrobu anodov\u00fdch a katodov\u00fdch komponent p\u0159ipraven\u00fdch pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed do e-mobility.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Switzer zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee cel\u00fd tento proces prob\u00edh\u00e1 v USA a v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jeho f\u00e1zi nedoch\u00e1z\u00ed k outsourcingu. To je v kontrastu s mnohem glob\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi dodavatelsk\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci nov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed – v\u00fdroba katod m\u016f\u017ee zahrnovat suroviny dod\u00e1van\u00e9 z Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky, Austr\u00e1lie a Afriky, kter\u00e9 jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b odes\u00edl\u00e1ny k zu\u0161lecht\u011bn\u00ed do \u010c\u00edny a Evropy, ne\u017e doraz\u00ed do USA k v\u00fdrob\u011b \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f a nakonec jsou odesl\u00e1ny v\u00fdrobc\u016fm OEM.<\/p>\n

Recyklace, zu\u0161lech\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, op\u011btovn\u00e1 v\u00fdroba<\/h4>\n

Spole\u010dnost Redwood z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 baterie EoL dv\u011bma z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi zp\u016fsoby. Asi nejjednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed je p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce se samotn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f – spole\u010dnost nav\u00e1zala partnerstv\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 s Volkswagen Group of America, Volvo Cars, Toyota a Ford. Druh\u00fdm kan\u00e1lem jsou demont\u00e1\u017ee automobil\u016f, „tradi\u010dn\u00ed domov pro vozidla EoL“, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Switzer. Suroviny pro baterie EoL, kter\u00e9 jsou u t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed k dispozici, poch\u00e1zej\u00ed zpravidla z hybridn\u00edch model\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou na trhu ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Toyota Prius. „Rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma cestami spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee baterie z demont\u00e1\u017en\u00ed firmy mohou b\u00fdt v jak\u00e9mkoli stavu, zat\u00edmco d\u00edly OEM jsou obecn\u011b v mnohem lep\u0161\u00edm stavu.“ V dob\u011b psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku generuje ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u011bchto mo\u017enost\u00ed rovn\u00fdch 50 % dod\u00e1vek spole\u010dnosti Redwood v r\u00e1mci EoL.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Zam\u011bstnanci spole\u010dnosti Redwood posuzuj\u00ed bateriov\u00e9 moduly EoL<\/em><\/p>\n

Logistika z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00fdch bateri\u00ed vy\u017eaduje pe\u010dlivou spolupr\u00e1ci se zdrojem, proto\u017ee jednotky mus\u00ed b\u00fdt bezpe\u010dn\u011b zabaleny a p\u0159epravov\u00e1ny v souladu s p\u0159edpisy – spole\u010dnost Redwood poskytuje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 balen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spl\u0148uje po\u017eadavky p\u0159edpis\u016f pro p\u0159epravu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pro prodejce je nepohodln\u00e9 dr\u017eet vybit\u00e9 baterie na sv\u00fdch pozemc\u00edch, je rychl\u00e9 proveden\u00ed servisu vysokou prioritou. „Nap\u0159\u00edklad VW m\u00e1 v USA zhruba 1 000 dealerstv\u00ed. M\u00e1me dohodu, \u017ee pokud je t\u0159eba recyklovat akumul\u00e1tor nebo modul, odvezeme jej do na\u0161eho z\u00e1vodu v ur\u010dit\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu a poskytneme VW kompletn\u00ed sledovatelnost materi\u00e1lu,“ vysv\u011btluje Switzer.<\/p>\n

Po p\u0159\u00edchodu do z\u00e1vodu spole\u010dnosti Redwood se u ka\u017ed\u00e9 baterie provede posouzen\u00ed jej\u00edho stavu a provozuschopnosti, na jeho\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se ur\u010d\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze jej\u00edho \u017eivotn\u00edho cyklu. Zva\u017euje se zejm\u00e9na riziko tepeln\u00e9ho vybit\u00ed jednotky a mo\u017en\u00e9 komplikace p\u0159i skladov\u00e1n\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed recykla\u010dn\u00ed procesy dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed z\u00edskat zp\u011bt 95 % kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch prvk\u016f baterie. Ty jsou n\u00e1sledn\u011b rafinov\u00e1ny na vysoce \u010dist\u00e9 koncentrace materi\u00e1lu p\u0159ipraven\u00e9 k op\u011btovn\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b anod a katod.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Redwood p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jej\u00ed aktivity by mohly do roku 2030 dos\u00e1hnout ro\u010dn\u00ed kapacity 500 GWh, co\u017e by sta\u010dilo pro p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u011bt milion\u016f elektromobil\u016f – v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu z p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00e9 pot\u0159eby 900 GWh v USA p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed. Pokud by se toho poda\u0159ilo dos\u00e1hnout, byla by to cenn\u00e1 podpora pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, kter\u00fd se podle o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s probl\u00e9my p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed c\u00edl\u016f v oblasti v\u00fdroby bateri\u00ed. Recyklace, rafinace a repasov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak jen jednou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed skl\u00e1da\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Renovace<\/h4>\n

„Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch n\u00e1pad\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsme rozv\u00edjeli s v\u00fdrobci OEM, je renovace bateri\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Switzer. „\u010casto zmi\u0148ovanou mo\u017enost\u00ed druh\u00e9 \u017eivotnosti je ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed energie do s\u00edt\u011b, ale konstrukce bateri\u00ed pro elektromobily z nich \u010din\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e ide\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost je v oprav\u011b bateri\u00ed a jejich op\u011btovn\u00e9m vlo\u017een\u00ed do elektromobilu – tedy do aplikace, pro kterou byly skute\u010dn\u011b vytvo\u0159eny a navr\u017eeny.“<\/p>\n

Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159i posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed baterie EoL spole\u010dnosti Redwood se \u010dasto zjist\u00ed drobn\u00e9 z\u00e1vady, kv\u016fli kter\u00fdm je demont\u00e1\u017e a recyklace p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drastick\u00e1. Ve skute\u010dnosti by takov\u00fd postup mohl v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku v\u00e9st ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b celkov\u00e9 hodnoty jednotky: 75 % pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho balen\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed samotn\u00e1 baterie, ale zbytek tvo\u0159\u00ed chlad\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my, syst\u00e9my \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed baterie, obaly a t\u011bsn\u00edc\u00ed materi\u00e1ly. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nky jsou seskupeny do modul\u016f, mohla by v\u00fdm\u011bna jednoho nebo n\u011bkolika vadn\u00fdch modul\u016f sta\u010dit k op\u011btovn\u00e9mu zabudov\u00e1n\u00ed do elektromobilu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti zachovaly pro op\u011btovn\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed, nikoliv pro zni\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Switzer uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee demont\u00e1\u017e baterie na \u00farove\u0148 modulu je \u010dasto dostate\u010dn\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 (pro \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vy\u0161kolen\u00fd person\u00e1l), aby ji bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 prov\u00e9st bez vybit\u00ed baterie, co\u017e je relativn\u011b rychl\u00e9 a \u010dasto o 50-70 % levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady na novou sadu bateri\u00ed. „V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku by se tento p\u0159\u00edstup nemusel li\u0161it od v\u00fdm\u011bny rozbit\u00fdch p\u0159evodovek za repasovan\u00e9 ve vozidle se spalovac\u00edm motorem.“<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, kter\u00e1 se naskytne jednou za stolet\u00ed<\/h4>\n

V\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00edm dodavatelem i odb\u011bratelem repasovan\u00fdch a renovovan\u00fdch bateri\u00ed, tak\u017ee trval\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s odpadov\u00fdm sektorem je pro uzav\u0159en\u00ed materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho cyklu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9. N\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch zna\u010dek ji\u017e investuje do materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho ob\u011bhu a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed slo\u017eitost dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu nov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed by mohla nakonec u\u010dinit tuto \u010dinnost b\u011b\u017enou. Spole\u010dnost Redwood odhaduje, \u017ee kritick\u00e9 kovy uraz\u00ed celkem v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 000 kilometr\u016f, ne\u017e doraz\u00ed do z\u00e1vodu na v\u00fdrobu \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s t\u00edm je dodavatelsk\u00e1 smy\u010dka EoL mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ekologicky udr\u017eiteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi ot\u0159esy.<\/p>\n

Nekone\u010dn\u00e1 recyklovatelnost niklu, kobaltu a lithia potvrzuje ob\u011bhov\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup z hlediska kvality bateri\u00ed, kter\u00fd by mohl p\u0159in\u00e9st lep\u0161\u00ed materi\u00e1l ne\u017e t\u011b\u017eba surov\u00fdch nerost\u016f. „Baterie EoL mohou m\u00edt a\u017e p\u011btkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hmotnostn\u00ed koncentraci miner\u00e1l\u016f ne\u017e vyt\u011b\u017een\u00e1 ruda a mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u010distot,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Switzer. „Nav\u00edc se v nich v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly shroma\u017e\u010fuj\u00ed na jednom m\u00edst\u011b, m\u00edsto aby byly rozpt\u00fdleny na n\u011bkolika kontinentech.“<\/p>\n

V souvislosti s p\u0159echodem v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f od vozidel s vnit\u0159n\u00edm pohonem k elektrick\u00fdm vozidl\u016fm doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee p\u0159echod od dol\u016f v zemi k „m\u011bstsk\u00fdm dol\u016fm“ pom\u016f\u017ee pos\u00edlit a podpo\u0159it c\u00edle elektrifikace jako takov\u00e9. Prostor pro dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v oblasti EoL bude spo\u010d\u00edvat v rozvoji t\u00e9to koncepce a zlep\u0161en\u00ed t\u011b\u017eby a rafinace, ale tak\u00e9 v oprav\u00e1ch bateri\u00ed, aby se mohly rychle a levn\u011b znovu zapojit do ekosyst\u00e9mu e-mobility. „Prostor bateri\u00ed EoL je nov\u00fd a teprve se definuje, tak\u017ee je zde spousta p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k inovac\u00edm, optimalizaci a u\u010den\u00ed se na t\u00e9to cest\u011b. Obrat takov\u00e9ho rozsahu je p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se naskytne jednou za stolet\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n

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P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po lithium-iontov\u00fdch (Li-ion) bateri\u00edch v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed rychle poroste. Zpr\u00e1va spole\u010dnosti McKinsey & Co z ledna 2023 odhaduje, \u017ee ze 700 GWh v roce 2022 vzroste do roku 2030 o 571 % na 4,7 TWh. Anal\u00fdza dat proveden\u00e1 Sv\u011btov\u00fdm ekonomick\u00fdm f\u00f3rem v \u010dervenci 2022 v\u0161ak dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee prudce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":23141,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKonec \u017eivotnosti by m\u011bl znamenat vyu\u017eit\u00ed hodnoty, nikoli nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadem | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/konec-zivotnosti-by-mel-znamenat-vyuziti-hodnoty-nikoli-nakladani-s-odpadem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Konec \u017eivotnosti by m\u011bl znamenat vyu\u017eit\u00ed hodnoty, nikoli nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s odpadem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee celosv\u011btov\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po lithium-iontov\u00fdch (Li-ion) bateri\u00edch v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm desetilet\u00ed rychle poroste. 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