{"id":23020,"date":"2023-08-11T19:47:32","date_gmt":"2023-08-11T17:47:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=23020"},"modified":"2023-08-16T21:26:10","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T19:26:10","slug":"budou-diky-grafenu-auta-levnejsi-lehci-a-pevnejsi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/budou-diky-grafenu-auta-levnejsi-lehci-a-pevnejsi\/","title":{"rendered":"Budou d\u00edky grafenu auta levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, leh\u010d\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grafen, kter\u00fd je 200kr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel, je tvo\u0159en jednou vrstvou atom\u016f uhl\u00edku pevn\u011b spojen\u00fdch v \u0161estihrann\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. Za jeho objev v roce 2004 z\u00edskali Andre Geim a Konstantin Novoselov Nobelovu cenu za fyziku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tento objev byl u\u010din\u011bn na univerzit\u011b v Manchesteru, je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee se v tomto m\u011bst\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed centrum v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje grafenu s celosv\u011btov\u00fdmi vazbami. D\u00edky mnoha ji\u017e dokon\u010den\u00fdm nebo rozpracovan\u00fdm projekt\u016fm automobilek by mohlo b\u00fdt zaru\u010deno mnohostrann\u00e9 budouc\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed grafenu v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Centrum grafenov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a inovac\u00ed (GEIC), kter\u00e9 bylo otev\u0159eno v prosinci 2018, dopl\u0148uje \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum a v\u00fdvoj v sousedn\u00edm N\u00e1rodn\u00edm institutu grafenu (NGI). Hlavn\u00ed funkc\u00ed GEIC je v\u00fdvoj grafenov\u00fdch prototyp\u016f pro komer\u010dn\u00ed produkty. B\u011bhem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy \u010dasopisu Automotive World v GEIC jeho technick\u00fd \u0159editel John Whittaker jasn\u011b \u0159ekl, co zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vedlo ke komer\u010dn\u00edmu rozvoji grafenu.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 technologie<\/h3>\n

„Pr\u016fmysl pot\u0159eboval novou aplikovanou technologii. V\u00fdroba automobil\u016f je ji\u017e vysoce optimalizovan\u00e1, pokud jde o prvky, jako jsou turbokompresory, oleje, maziva, benzin a odleh\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed.“ Grafen m\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky. „Je to technologie, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee v\u011bci posunout o n\u011bco d\u00e1l, “ dod\u00e1v\u00e1. P\u0159esto tento materi\u00e1l v prvn\u00edch letech jeho v\u00fdvoje prov\u00e1zela nejistota. „Pou\u017eit\u00ed grafenu bylo \u0161patn\u011b pochopeno. Nen\u00ed to magick\u00e1 slo\u017eka, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u0161echno. Je to aditivum, kter\u00e9 vysoce dopl\u0148uje st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed procesy, a pr\u016fmysl v tom nyn\u00ed za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u00fdt chytr\u00fd.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/p>\n

Grafen m\u00e1 tlou\u0161\u0165ku jednoho atomu – a je 200kr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel<\/p>\n

Grafen je v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu u\u017eite\u010dnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed z mnoha d\u016fvod\u016f. M\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysokou pevnost v tahu, je extr\u00e9mn\u011b lehk\u00fd, m\u00e1 vysokou elektrickou vodivost a je tak tenk\u00fd (milionkr\u00e1t ten\u010d\u00ed ne\u017e lidsk\u00fd vlas), \u017ee jej lze pova\u017eovat za dvourozm\u011brn\u00fd. Celosv\u011btov\u00fd trh s grafenem m\u011bl v roce 2012 hodnotu 9 milion\u016f USD a podle spole\u010dnosti Statista se do roku 2022 vy\u0161plh\u00e1 na 865 milion\u016f USD. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed poradensk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost MarketsandMarkets, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 managementem, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee trh s grafenem dos\u00e1hne do roku 2025 hodnoty 1,48 miliardy USD, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi aplika\u010dn\u00edmi odv\u011btv\u00edmi budou automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a doprava.<\/p>\n

Partner GEIC, spole\u010dnost Briggs Automotive Company (BAC), p\u0159edvedl v roce 2011 mo\u017enosti grafenu v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu se sv\u00fdm vozem Mono, prvn\u00edm s\u00e9riov\u00fdm automobilem na sv\u011bt\u011b, kter\u00fd pln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 grafenem vylep\u0161en\u00e1 uhl\u00edkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna v ka\u017ed\u00e9m panelu karoserie. „Mono je drah\u00fd z\u00e1vodn\u00ed v\u016fz, ale byl reprezentativn\u00ed uk\u00e1zkou toho, co lze ud\u011blat,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Whittaker. „P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken vylep\u0161en\u00fdch grafenem dos\u00e1hl BAC v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed hmotnosti.“ Mono tak\u00e9 vyu\u017eilo grafen ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed prody\u0161nosti v\u00fdfukov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, co\u017e p\u0159ineslo v\u00fdhody v oblasti brzdn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu. „Existuje mnoho postupn\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed grafenu, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st ke zlep\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9mu,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/p>\n

GEIC<\/h3>\n

GEIC navazuje na pr\u00e1ci NGI, tak\u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed laboratorn\u00ed testy lze podle pot\u0159eby d\u00e1le realizovat a roz\u0161i\u0159ovat. Tyto po\u017eadavky zahrnuj\u00ed za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed grafenu do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u00fdrobk\u016f a aplikac\u00ed. „GEIC je veden pr\u016fmyslem a spolupracuje se spole\u010dnostmi a dodavatelsk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzcem s c\u00edlem urychlit uplatn\u011bn\u00ed grafenov\u00e9 technologie,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Whittaker.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 ve v\u00fdrobn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch GEIC zahrnuj\u00ed skladov\u00e1n\u00ed energie. Whittaker nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v\u00e1\u010dkov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed je d\u00edky velikosti povrchu grafenu a jeho elektrick\u00e9 vodivosti \u0161k\u00e1lovateln\u00fd pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v bateri\u00edch pro elektrick\u00e1 vozidla. Proces je slo\u017eit\u00fd a zahrnuje pokryt\u00ed substr\u00e1tu grafenovou ka\u0161\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vytvrzuje a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed elektrody. Elektrody se p\u0159ed nastaven\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho tvaru a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm elektrolyt\u016f rozma\u010dkaj\u00ed, aby se optimalizovala vodivost. Posledn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed je test, kter\u00fd zajist\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Whittaker tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee grafen je recyklovateln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsada. „V GEIC recyklovan\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00ed polymer ztrat\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost, ale po dopln\u011bn\u00ed mal\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm grafenu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt polymer dopln\u011bn na plnou s\u00edlu. Grafen m\u00e1 v \u017eivotn\u00edm cyklu materi\u00e1lu kl\u00ed\u010dovou funkci.“ Existuje \u0159ada zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak z\u00edskat uhl\u00edk z jin\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Vyzdvihl nap\u0159\u00edklad metodu bleskov\u00e9ho Jouleova oh\u0159evu – rychl\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00e1t\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f ve vakuu na mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b vysokou teplotu b\u011bhem milisekund -, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159em\u011bnit plast na grafen. „Grafen je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edskat tak\u00e9 z pou\u017eit\u00e9ho d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho uhl\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

GEIC ji\u017e nav\u00e1zala \u010detn\u00e9 vztahy s v\u00fdrobci OEM, v\u010detn\u011b spole\u010dnost\u00ed Bentley a Ford. „Ford pot\u0159eboval tepeln\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00fd polymer na elektrick\u00e9m rozvodu. Spole\u010dnost GEIC vyrobila n\u011bco leh\u010d\u00edho, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho a odoln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho, ne\u017e co pou\u017e\u00edvala d\u0159\u00edve.“ Spole\u010dnost Ford pot\u00e9 implementovala polymer s grafenem do 5,2 milionu americk\u00fdch vozidel. Jako dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodu lze uv\u00e9st, \u017ee materi\u00e1l sn\u00ed\u017eil akustiku v kabin\u011b o 17 decibel\u016f. „Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno, pokud se mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed polymeru roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed grafenem, m\u00edsto aby se pou\u017eil polymer samotn\u00fd, sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed se v\u00fdrobn\u00ed n\u00e1klady a zlep\u0161\u00ed se v\u00fdkon.“<\/p>\n

Budouc\u00ed rozvoj<\/h3>\n

Whittaker vid\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed oblasti budouc\u00edho r\u016fstu a uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u0159adu oblast\u00ed, v nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee grafen p\u0159isp\u011bt: „Grafen m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt obrovsk\u00fd vliv na \u00fasporu energie v superkondenz\u00e1torech, v\u00fdkonnost modern\u00edch bateri\u00ed v elektrick\u00fdch vozidlech, pomalej\u0161\u00ed degradaci pneumatik a tepeln\u00fd management a \u017eivotnost sou\u010d\u00e1stek.“ To v\u0161ak zdaleka nen\u00ed hranice mo\u017en\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed tohoto materi\u00e1lu. Dal\u0161\u00ed projekty GEIC zahrnuj\u00ed pokroky v brzdov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech s grafenem, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vodivosti anod a katod bateri\u00ed, zlep\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu sod\u00edko-iontov\u00fdch bateri\u00ed a vylep\u0161en\u00ed haptick\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed dotykov\u00fdch obrazovek.<\/p>\n

D\u00edky mnoha potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm inovac\u00edm a aplikac\u00edm by se grafen mohl st\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Whittaker doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee ekonomick\u00e9 a technologick\u00e9 argumenty pro jeho za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do v\u00fdroby vozidel jsou jasn\u00e9. „Grafen je nyn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u011b \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd: je mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve a v\u00fdrobce automobil\u016f ho nepot\u0159ebuje mnoho.“ A\u010dkoli se jeho pln\u00fd dopad teprve uk\u00e1\u017ee, d\u016fsledky grafenu pro budoucnost elektromobility by mohly b\u00fdt hlubok\u00e9.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grafen, kter\u00fd je 200kr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel, je tvo\u0159en jednou vrstvou atom\u016f uhl\u00edku pevn\u011b spojen\u00fdch v \u0161estihrann\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. Za jeho objev v roce 2004 z\u00edskali Andre Geim a Konstantin Novoselov Nobelovu cenu za fyziku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee tento objev byl u\u010din\u011bn na univerzit\u011b v Manchesteru, je p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9, \u017ee se v tomto m\u011bst\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":23021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBudou d\u00edky grafenu auta levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, leh\u010d\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed? | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/budou-diky-grafenu-auta-levnejsi-lehci-a-pevnejsi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Budou d\u00edky grafenu auta levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, leh\u010d\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Grafen, kter\u00fd je 200kr\u00e1t pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ocel, je tvo\u0159en jednou vrstvou atom\u016f uhl\u00edku pevn\u011b spojen\u00fdch v \u0161estihrann\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ece. Za jeho objev v roce 2004 z\u00edskali Andre Geim a Konstantin Novoselov Nobelovu cenu za fyziku. 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