{"id":22631,"date":"2023-05-16T21:47:29","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T19:47:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=22631"},"modified":"2023-05-17T21:59:54","modified_gmt":"2023-05-17T19:59:54","slug":"evtol-daleko-od-reality-nebo-blize-nez-se-ocekavalo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/evtol-daleko-od-reality-nebo-blize-nez-se-ocekavalo\/","title":{"rendered":"eVTOL: daleko od reality, nebo bl\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo?"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte si sv\u011bt s re\u00e1lnou mo\u017enost\u00ed dopravy, kter\u00e1 je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed nes\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00fdch destinac\u00ed. \u017dijete v New Yorku a pot\u0159ebujete se rychle dopravit do Hamptons? Co t\u0159eba doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v Los Angeles, kter\u00fd chce rychle odjet na v\u00edkend do Palm Springs? Odhadem 200 spole\u010dnost\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pracuje na konstrukci elektrick\u00fdch vozidel s kolm\u00fdm startem a p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00edm (eVTOL), co\u017e je nov\u00fd typ mal\u00fdch osobn\u00edch letadel ur\u010den\u00fdch pro p\u0159epravu v p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9m m\u011bstsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Co to ale vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco mnoho velk\u00fdch podnik\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 p\u0159edstavy o \u00fa\u010delu, vyu\u017eit\u00ed, konkuren\u010dn\u00edm trhu a regulaci, samotn\u00fd pojem „eVTOL“ je v\u00edce mlhav\u00fd a exotick\u00fd. My\u0161lenku tich\u00fdch, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech autonomn\u00edch nebesk\u00fdch tax\u00edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se proh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed po velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech, lze jen t\u011b\u017eko pln\u011b pochopit.<\/p>\n

Vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed trh eVTOL \u010del\u00ed podobn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem, v\u00fdzv\u00e1m a potenci\u00e1lu r\u016fstu jako mnoho jin\u00fdch p\u0159evratn\u00fdch podnik\u016f, ale s m\u00e9n\u011b jasn\u00fdmi parametry odv\u011btv\u00ed. Ot\u00e1zkou tedy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, jak m\u016f\u017ee leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl spolupracovat na \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdzev (bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch, regula\u010dn\u00edch, provozn\u00edch), aby se futuristick\u00e9 soukrom\u00e9 letectv\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eilo realit\u011b.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edstava budoucnosti leteck\u00e9 dopravy<\/h3>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech do\u0161lo v odv\u011btv\u00ed soukrom\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 dopravy ke znateln\u00e9mu naru\u0161en\u00ed – vybran\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9, \u010dasto sd\u00edlen\u00e9 lety vrtuln\u00edkem po m\u011bstsk\u00fdch aglomerac\u00edch. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se tak mnohem levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varianta ne\u017e pron\u00e1jem letadla a luxus cestov\u00e1n\u00ed z bodu do bodu bez pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na komer\u010dn\u00edch leti\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Posouzen\u00ed kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fdch a dlouhodob\u00fdch p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f eVTOL je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je tu popul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159edstava m\u011bstsk\u00e9ho doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ve stylu Jetsona, ale realita je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Zv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed toho, kde a jak se dnes provozuj\u00ed vrtuln\u00edky, je prvn\u00ed st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed oblast\u00ed, proto\u017ee eVTOL budou moci nab\u00eddnout stejn\u00fd v\u00fdkon, ale za ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed cenu, s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladinou hluku a s ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed stopou zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Mezi bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy t\u00e9to technologie pat\u0159\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed provozu v oblastech s vysokou hustotou obyvatelstva a potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed pro velk\u00e9 maloobchodn\u00edky. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi pozitivn\u00edmi dopady vysp\u011blosti tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed jsou v\u0161ak i operace, jako je pr\u016fzkum oblast\u00ed posti\u017een\u00fdch katastrofou (automatizovan\u00fd nebo s pos\u00e1dkou), rychl\u00e1 reakce z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 slu\u017eby a policejn\u00ed operace.<\/p>\n

Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f nelze pop\u0159\u00edt ani z\u00e1jem spot\u0159ebitel\u016f o tento typ p\u0159epravy. V z\u00e1vislosti na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 poloze ve\u0159ejnost netrp\u011bliv\u011b o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed eVTOL jako mo\u017enosti p\u0159epravy. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b \u010dasto nasazuj\u00ed mal\u00e1 letadla, kter\u00e1 pojmou pouze deset cestuj\u00edc\u00edch. Tato mal\u00e1, na po\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a provoz n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 letadla mohou b\u00fdt pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b v\u0161echna vy\u0159azena v\u00fdm\u011bnou za eVTOL a Vertiport.<\/p>\n

Osobn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed letadel eVTOL je v\u0161ak vzd\u00e1len\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e komer\u010dn\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Teprve a\u017e budou definov\u00e1ny p\u0159edpisy a syst\u00e9my a normy pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu – a „novinka“ na stran\u011b komer\u010dn\u00edch letadel pomine – m\u016f\u017ee se odv\u011btv\u00ed do\u010dkat osobn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed eVTOL.<\/p>\n

Pochopen\u00ed a p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f<\/h3>\n

Navzdory potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00ednos\u016fm se trh s eVTOL pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s dal\u0161\u00edmi probl\u00e9my. Nap\u0159\u00edklad bezpe\u010dnost je u autonomn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u017edy probl\u00e9mem. Jedn\u00edm z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f specifick\u00fdch pro eVTOL je stav v\u00edrov\u00e9ho kruhu (Vortex Ring State, VRS), kter\u00fd nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e letadlo v podstat\u011b vlet\u00ed do nestabiln\u00edho vzduchu vlastn\u00edho proud\u011bn\u00ed. Tento jev se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zhor\u0161uje v siln\u011b urbanizovan\u00e9m prostoru, kter\u00fd je hlavn\u00ed oblast\u00ed provozu nebesk\u00fdch tax\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Regulace a leteck\u00e1 schv\u00e1len\u00ed jdou ruku v ruce s bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed – a kl\u00ed\u010dem je rovnov\u00e1ha. M\u011bla by existovat dostate\u010dn\u00e1 regulace, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00fd provoz; p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1 regulace v\u0161ak bude omezovat rozvoj odv\u011btv\u00ed. Regulace bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b fungovat evolu\u010dn\u011b a bude se zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ovat s t\u00edm, jak budou v\u00fdrobci, provozovatel\u00e9 a regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny z\u00edsk\u00e1vat v\u00edce zku\u0161enost\u00ed. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho provozovatele vy\u017eadov\u00e1no n\u011bkolik schv\u00e1len\u00ed, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina se teprve definuje. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00ed v\u00fdroby, certifikace typu a provozn\u00ed opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed. Odv\u011btv\u00ed eVTOL st\u00e1le vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed sv\u016fj regula\u010dn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed r\u00e1mec p\u0159ed jak\u00fdmkoli rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm uveden\u00edm na trh. I kdy\u017e je to pro odv\u011btv\u00ed eVTOL velk\u00fd kopec, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed zdolat, pracuje na \u00fasp\u011bchu v\u00edce spole\u010dnost\u00ed soub\u011b\u017en\u011b.<\/p>\n

Design\u00e9\u0159i zkoumaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 vize vertiport\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

\nProvoz a infrastruktura maj\u00ed tendenci vytv\u00e1\u0159et nov\u00e9 trhy, a proto jsou pro spole\u010dnosti pova\u017eov\u00e1ny sp\u00ed\u0161e za p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti ne\u017e za p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky. Aby se v\u0161ak eVTOL mohly rozv\u00edjet, je t\u0159eba rozhodnout o vertiportech a energetick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch. To zahrnuje zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm budou vertiporty navr\u017eeny, jak budou vozidla nab\u00edjena nebo poh\u00e1n\u011bna palivem a jak\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky jsou pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k provozu. N\u011bkolik spole\u010dnost\u00ed spolupracuje na pomoci p\u0159i navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch vertiport\u016f, a to jak p\u0159i pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tak i jako poskytovatel slu\u017eeb pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed letov\u00e9ho provozu specifick\u00fdch pro eVTOL.<\/p>\n

K p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev je t\u0159eba informovat ve\u0159ejnost o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a rizic\u00edch eVTOL. Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 vid\u00ed jasnou popt\u00e1vku a tr\u017en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, mus\u00ed nad\u00e1le investovat do v\u00fdvoje, utv\u00e1\u0159et regulaci a zvy\u0161ovat efektivitu v\u00fdroby a provozu.<\/p>\n

Posouzen\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed pr\u016fmyslu a d\u016fsledk\u016f pro udr\u017eitelnost<\/h3>\n

Ned\u00e1vno bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee eVTOL by mohly naru\u0161it vrtuln\u00edkov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl v hodnot\u011b 49 miliard USD. Je to proto, \u017ee vrtuln\u00edky jsou koncep\u010dn\u011b nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm konkurentem eVTOL, ale n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu, n\u00e1kup, provoz a \u00fadr\u017ebu eVTOL jsou podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u rotorov\u00fdch letadel. Mal\u00fd a\u017e st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fd vrtuln\u00edk sp\u00e1l\u00ed 45 a\u017e 50 galon\u016f za hodinu – zhruba 250 USD. Podobn\u011b velk\u00fd eVTOL spot\u0159ebuje zhruba 8,2 cent\u016f na m\u00edli. Pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, to by znamenalo (nep\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me-li dobu dob\u00edjen\u00ed), \u017ee st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fd eVTOL by m\u011bl dolet 2 400 mil za stejnou cenu jako hodina letu st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00e9ho vrtuln\u00edku. Tyto zisky podporuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 kompozitn\u00ed materi\u00e1ly, pokro\u010dil\u00e1 aerodynamika, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed omezena hlavn\u00edm rotorem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm naho\u0159e, a nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k pohonu.<\/p>\n

Naru\u0161en\u00ed vrtuln\u00edkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm dopadem eVTOL. V porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00ed leteckou dopravou doch\u00e1z\u00ed u eVTOL k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a hluku. Star\u0161\u00ed leteck\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti jsou ji\u017e na cest\u011b k vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u00edku nebo biopaliv jako udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch paliv pro sv\u00e9 letouny. Ve skute\u010dnosti 81 % leteck\u00fdch organizac\u00ed vid\u00ed vysok\u00fd potenci\u00e1l n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkov\u00e9ho vod\u00edku pro budoucnost sv\u00e9ho odv\u011btv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed otazn\u00edk kolem udr\u017eitelnosti na trhu eVTOL m\u00e1 automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl. Zat\u00edm nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak popt\u00e1vka pr\u016fmyslu elektromobil\u016f (EV) po kovech vz\u00e1cn\u00fdch zemin ovlivn\u00ed eVTOL, nicm\u00e9n\u011b lze p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee trh elektromobil\u016f – kter\u00fd je vysp\u011blej\u0161\u00ed – bude prvn\u00ed na \u0159ad\u011b.<\/p>\n

Dopad vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho odv\u011btv\u00ed eVTOL je dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fd a obchodn\u00ed d\u016fvody pro spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 jsou v t\u00e9to oblasti prvn\u00edmi nebo druh\u00fdmi tahouny, jsou obrovsk\u00e9. Ka\u017ed\u00fd nov\u00fd podnik se sice pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s probl\u00e9my, ale ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou ochotni vynalo\u017eit po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed investice na vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9 cesty, budou odm\u011bn\u011bni. V\u00fdvoj eVTOL bude pozorn\u011b sledovat mnoho vedouc\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f v oboru, a to jak v r\u00e1mci leteck\u00e9 komunity, tak i t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed se cht\u011bj\u00ed pod\u00edlet jako z\u00e1kazn\u00edci.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

P\u0159edstavte si sv\u011bt s re\u00e1lnou mo\u017enost\u00ed dopravy, kter\u00e1 je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed nes\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00fdch destinac\u00ed. \u017dijete v New Yorku a pot\u0159ebujete se rychle dopravit do Hamptons? Co t\u0159eba doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v Los Angeles, kter\u00fd chce rychle odjet na v\u00edkend do Palm Springs? Odhadem 200 spole\u010dnost\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b pracuje na konstrukci […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":22632,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\neVTOL: daleko od reality, nebo bl\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo? | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/evtol-daleko-od-reality-nebo-blize-nez-se-ocekavalo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"eVTOL: daleko od reality, nebo bl\u00ed\u017ee, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"P\u0159edstavte si sv\u011bt s re\u00e1lnou mo\u017enost\u00ed dopravy, kter\u00e1 je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, m\u00e9n\u011b zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uje \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a nab\u00edz\u00ed nes\u010detn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed c\u00edlov\u00fdch destinac\u00ed. \u017dijete v New Yorku a pot\u0159ebujete se rychle dopravit do Hamptons? Co t\u0159eba doj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed v Los Angeles, kter\u00fd chce rychle odjet na v\u00edkend do Palm Springs? 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