{"id":22081,"date":"2023-01-31T17:00:52","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T16:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=22081"},"modified":"2023-02-01T17:23:49","modified_gmt":"2023-02-01T16:23:49","slug":"efektivita-ma-prednost-pred-rychlosti-adas-a-umela-inteligence-resi-dopravni-zacpy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/efektivita-ma-prednost-pred-rychlosti-adas-a-umela-inteligence-resi-dopravni-zacpy\/","title":{"rendered":"Efektivita m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed rychlost\u00ed: ADAS a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u0159e\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy nejsou jen d\u016fsledkem stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed nebo koliz\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou zp\u016fsobeny chov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159idi\u010d\u016f. Tyto situace, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „fantomov\u00e9“ dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy, vypadaj\u00ed, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou jasnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, ale ve skute\u010dnosti vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd tok dopravy naru\u0161en lidskou chybou.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0158idi\u010d si pozd\u011b v\u0161imne, \u017ee auto p\u0159ed n\u00edm zpomaluje, a mus\u00ed agresivn\u011bji brzdit. Auto za n\u00edm ud\u011bl\u00e1 tot\u00e9\u017e a auto za n\u00edm atd. Najednou se cesta zm\u011bn\u00ed z nik\u00fdm nebrzd\u011bn\u00e9ho vozidla na vozidlo s m\u00edrn\u00fdm kol\u00eds\u00e1n\u00edm rychlosti a\u017e po \u00fapln\u00e9 zastaven\u00ed na d\u00e1lnici.<\/p>\n

Dopad je zna\u010dn\u00fd: nejen\u017ee dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy vedou k nehod\u00e1m, ale mohou tak\u00e9 zp\u016fsobit ekonomickou ztr\u00e1tu v \u0159\u00e1du miliard dolar\u016f – jen v USA se nez\u0159\u00eddka uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka 70 miliard dolar\u016f. Technologie inteligentn\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by mohla hr\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i zm\u00edr\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dopad\u016f dopravn\u00edch z\u00e1cp. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v Tennessee se sna\u017e\u00ed ur\u010dit, jak moc.<\/p>\n

Dnes dostupn\u00e9 technologie<\/h3>\n

Konsorcium CIRCLES, slo\u017een\u00e9 z Vanderbiltovy univerzity a n\u011bkolika dal\u0161\u00edch univerzit – v koordinaci se spole\u010dnostmi Nissan North America, Toyota, GM a Ministerstvem dopravy st\u00e1tu Tennessee – provedlo ve dnech 14. a\u017e 18. listopadu 2022 dopravn\u00ed experiment na testovac\u00ed trase I-24 MOTION. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u010dty\u0159kilometrov\u00fd \u00fasek d\u00e1lnice Interstate 24 v metropolitn\u00ed oblasti Nashville-Davidson County vybaven\u00fd 300 digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi senzory um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdmi na sloupech vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch od sebe 150 metr\u016f. Na tomto \u00faseku p\u0159edstavili 100 „chytr\u00fdch“ vozidel vybaven\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jezd\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m rann\u00edm provozu. \u00dakolem bylo zjistit, jak\u00fd vliv mohou m\u00edt tato inteligentn\u00ed vozidla na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dynamiky zastavov\u00e1n\u00ed a popoj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 \u010dasto vede k p\u0159\u00edzra\u010dn\u00fdm dopravn\u00edm z\u00e1cp\u00e1m. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edky zaj\u00edmala zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 \u00faspora paliva, kterou m\u016f\u017ee tento typ technologie p\u0159in\u00e9st.<\/p>\n

„Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed my\u0161lenka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed lid\u00e9-\u0159idi\u010di, a technologie automatizovan\u00fdch vozidel, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed u prodejc\u016f, jsou bl\u00edzko k tomu, aby odemkly novou \u00e9ru, kdy vozidla sama o sob\u011b u\u010din\u00ed dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy o n\u011bco m\u00e9n\u011b bolestiv\u00fdmi,“ vysv\u011btluje Dan Work, profesor stavebn\u00edho a environment\u00e1ln\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, elektrotechniky a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch v\u011bd na Vanderbiltov\u011b univerzit\u011b.<\/p>\n

Sto testovac\u00edch vozidel, Nissan Rogue modelov\u00e9ho roku 2023, bylo vybaveno upraven\u00fdmi pokro\u010dil\u00fdmi asisten\u010dn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my \u0159idi\u010de (ADAS). „P\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed jsme byli z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti z\u00e1visl\u00ed na senzorech zabudovan\u00fdch v t\u011bchto vozech,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 profesor Jonathan Sprinkle, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed v r\u00e1mci katedry informatiky na Vanderbiltov\u011b univerzit\u011b. „M\u011bli jsme ur\u010ditou komunikaci mezi vozidly a cloudem, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017enila \u0159\u00edct vozidl\u016fm, aby p\u0159izp\u016fsobila svou rychlost. V podstat\u011b jsme vyu\u017e\u00edvali vestav\u011bn\u00e9 funkce adaptivn\u00edho tempomatu (ACC).“<\/p>\n

„V podstat\u011b jen stav\u00edme na platform\u011b automobil\u016f, kter\u00e9 si dnes m\u016f\u017eete koupit za m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 20 000 USD,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Work. „Sna\u017e\u00edme se auta roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it drobn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, aby si l\u00e9pe uv\u011bdomovala dopravn\u00ed situaci. Standardn\u00ed ACC um\u00ed dob\u0159e p\u0159izp\u016fsobit rychlost va\u0161eho vozu v\u016f\u010di tomu p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi, ale nevid\u00ed z\u00e1cpu, kter\u00e1 je o p\u016fl kilometru d\u00e1l na vozovce.“<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky bylo, jak moc bude pot\u0159eba komunikace mezi automobily, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 efektivn\u011bji hospoda\u0159it s energi\u00ed. „Co se stane, kdy\u017e t\u011bmto skladov\u00fdm syst\u00e9m\u016fm ACC poskytneme trochu v\u00edce informac\u00ed?“ pt\u00e1 se Work. „Um\u011bn\u00ed pak spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v rozhodnut\u00ed, jak chyt\u0159e upravit nastaven\u00ed s ohledem na dopravn\u00ed \u00fadaje p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi a na standardn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ACC. Na to navazuj\u00ed v\u0161echny technologie um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.“<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dadaje o trajektori\u00edch vozidel p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed nov\u00fd pohled na to, jak dopravn\u00ed proud ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch vozidel.<\/em><\/p>\n

Od jednoho auta k mnoha<\/h3>\n

My\u0161lenka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee n\u011bkolik optimalizovan\u00fdch vozidel m\u016f\u017ee pozitivn\u011b ovlivnit v\u0161echna vozidla na silnici. To bylo zji\u0161t\u011bno v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu konsorcia, v n\u011bm\u017e bylo hodnoceno 20 lidsk\u00fdch \u0159idi\u010d\u016f a jedno automatizovan\u00e9 vozidlo p\u0159i j\u00edzd\u011b po uzav\u0159en\u00e9 testovac\u00ed trati. V\u00fdsledky shrnuje Work: „Automatizovan\u00e9 vozidlo v podstat\u011b odstranilo z experimentu dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpu, kterou vytvo\u0159ili lid\u0161t\u00ed \u0159idi\u010di, co\u017e vedlo k 40% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed energie spot\u0159ebovan\u00e9 na silnici. Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee takov\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed typu „zastav a je\u010f“ je z hlediska spot\u0159eby paliva prost\u011b hrozn\u00e9.“ Testov\u00e1n\u00ed na silnici I-24 p\u0159eneslo tuto my\u0161lenku do re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.<\/p>\n

V n\u00e1vaznosti na p\u0159edstavu testovac\u00ed dr\u00e1hy se p\u0159i testov\u00e1n\u00ed silnice I-24 vyhodnocoval dopad mnoha inteligentn\u00edch vozidel na vozovky. „Pokud bude dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det vozidel na silnici jezdit trochu jinak, pak to do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry zlep\u0161\u00ed situaci pro v\u0161echny na silnici,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sprinkle. „\u00da\u010dinek vozidla je omezen na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jedou za n\u00edm. To se opot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 a t\u0159eba po 25 autech je \u00fa\u010dinek pry\u010d. Pak pot\u0159ebujete dal\u0161\u00ed chytr\u00e9 auto o 20 vozidel zp\u011bt, kter\u00e9 se tak\u00e9 chov\u00e1 jinak.“<\/p>\n

Jak\u00fd dopad by mohlo m\u00edt, kdyby 2 % aut na silnic\u00edch \u0159\u00eddila na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed poznatk\u016f o provozu a za pomoci um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence? Co t\u0159eba 5 nebo 10 %? Lid\u00e9 si nekupuj\u00ed nov\u00e9 auto ka\u017ed\u00fd rok, ale \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vozov\u00fd park bude v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech st\u00e1le v\u00edce zahrnovat syst\u00e9my ADAS a bude fungovat vedle star\u0161\u00edch model\u016f bez t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f. „Pokud bude dostate\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det vozidel jezdit jinak, pak si v\u0161ichni \u0159eknou: ‚To je divn\u00e9, dneska nebyl provoz tak \u0161patn\u00fd. Ne \u017ee by jezdili do pr\u00e1ce rychleji, jen nebudou zrychlovat a zpomalovat,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Sprinkle.<\/p>\n

To je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9: c\u00edlem nen\u00ed zrychlit dopravu, ale zlep\u0161it spot\u0159ebu paliva a sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko zran\u011bn\u00ed v d\u016fsledku kolize. „Jde o to, aby z\u00e1cpy nebyly tak bolestiv\u00e9,“ zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Work. „Nem\u016f\u017eete ji odstranit jedn\u00edm automatizovan\u00fdm vozidlem nebo dokonce pln\u011b automatizovan\u00fdm vozov\u00fdm parkem; auta budou st\u00e1le zahlcovat silnice. Ale z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, jak jsou tyto syst\u00e9my navr\u017eeny, zda m\u00e1te relativn\u011b plynul\u00fd hust\u00fd provoz, nebo zda se p\u0159ed v\u00e1mi \u0159\u00edt\u00ed, jen abyste zpomalili, a to se opakuje ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u011bt minut na d\u00e1lnici.“<\/p>\n

\"TrafficPokro\u010dil\u00e1 technologie nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zrychlit cestu, ale m\u016f\u017ee pomoci zefektivnit \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Co d\u00e1l?<\/h3>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm nashrom\u00e1\u017edil b\u011bhem listopadov\u00e9ho testov\u00e1n\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed datov\u00fdch bod\u016f a st\u00e1le je proch\u00e1z\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci projektu projelo b\u011bhem p\u011bti dn\u016f 100 automobil\u016f a videokamerami z I-24 MOTION byla m\u011b\u0159ena pr\u016fjezdnost ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho provozu. „Bude trvat roky, ne\u017e se dozv\u00edme, co p\u0159esn\u011b se stalo,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sprinkle. „Ale m\u011b\u0159ili jsme v\u0161e pot\u0159ebn\u00e9, abychom pochopili dopad toho, co se stalo.“<\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z jeho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch poznatk\u016f je, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdhod lze dos\u00e1hnout vyu\u017eit\u00edm senzor\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e ve vozidle, spolu s p\u0159ipojen\u00edm mobiln\u00edho telefonu ke cloudu. „Devaten\u00e1ct z dvaceti nejprod\u00e1van\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vozidel, kter\u00e1 se v USA prodala p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, m\u011blo n\u011bjak\u00fd druh ACC, tak\u017ee senzory tam jsou, ale v tuto chv\u00edli je inteligence zam\u011b\u0159ena na to, aby v\u00e1s udr\u017eovala v pohodl\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby zlep\u0161ovala provoz. Jedn\u00edm z na\u0161ich velk\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eete lidem zajistit pohodl\u00ed a zlep\u0161it provoz jen opravdu malou zm\u011bnou. Nen\u00ed to p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00e9 na to, aby to byla pravda, jen je t\u0159eba to ud\u011blat.“<\/p>\n

Pro spole\u010dnost Work je to jen za\u010d\u00e1tek toho, co by se mohlo uk\u00e1zat jako rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed v oblasti v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje. „Frekvence t\u011bchto fantomov\u00fdch z\u00e1cp a na\u0161e schopnost vizualizovat je do nejmen\u0161\u00edch detail\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm I-24 MOTION by mohly b\u00fdt hnac\u00edm motorem v\u00fdzkumu daleko za hranice tohoto prvn\u00edho experimentu se 100 vozy,“ nazna\u010duje. „Mohlo by to umo\u017enit nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed inovativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, a\u0165 u\u017e ze strany vozidel nebo infrastruktury, nebo vyu\u017eit\u00ed infrastruktury a vozidel spole\u010dn\u011b. Jsme teprve na za\u010d\u00e1tku mnoha zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s \u010dekaj\u00ed.“<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy nejsou jen d\u016fsledkem stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed nebo koliz\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou zp\u016fsobeny chov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159idi\u010d\u016f. Tyto situace, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „fantomov\u00e9“ dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy, vypadaj\u00ed, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou jasnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, ale ve skute\u010dnosti vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd tok dopravy naru\u0161en lidskou chybou. \u0158idi\u010d si pozd\u011b v\u0161imne, \u017ee auto p\u0159ed n\u00edm zpomaluje, a mus\u00ed agresivn\u011bji […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":22082,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEfektivita m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed rychlost\u00ed: ADAS a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u0159e\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/efektivita-ma-prednost-pred-rychlosti-adas-a-umela-inteligence-resi-dopravni-zacpy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Efektivita m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed rychlost\u00ed: ADAS a um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence \u0159e\u0161\u00ed dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy nejsou jen d\u016fsledkem stavebn\u00edch prac\u00ed nebo koliz\u00ed, ale v\u011bt\u0161inou jsou zp\u016fsobeny chov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159idi\u010d\u016f. Tyto situace, kter\u00e9 se \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed jako „fantomov\u00e9“ dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy, vypadaj\u00ed, \u017ee nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou jasnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu, ale ve skute\u010dnosti vznikaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e je b\u011b\u017en\u00fd tok dopravy naru\u0161en lidskou chybou. \u0158idi\u010d si pozd\u011b v\u0161imne, \u017ee auto p\u0159ed n\u00edm zpomaluje, a mus\u00ed agresivn\u011bji […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/efektivita-ma-prednost-pred-rychlosti-adas-a-umela-inteligence-resi-dopravni-zacpy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Autoklastr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-31T16:00:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-01T16:23:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Screenshot-2023-01-17-at-14.27.53-1184x592-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" 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