{"id":21981,"date":"2023-01-09T21:33:44","date_gmt":"2023-01-09T20:33:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=21981"},"modified":"2023-01-18T21:54:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-18T20:54:58","slug":"vysoke-ceny-pohonnych-hmot-urychluji-rozvoj-vodikoveho-hospodarstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/vysoke-ceny-pohonnych-hmot-urychluji-rozvoj-vodikoveho-hospodarstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vysok\u00e9 ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot urychluj\u00ed rozvoj vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vliv rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu na dom\u00e1c\u00ed automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl byl obecn\u011b negativn\u00ed z hlediska r\u016fstu a rozvoje. Analytici v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 krize prohlouben\u00e1 v\u00e1lkou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed situaci na \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m trhu i mimo n\u011bj.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Podle spole\u010dnosti Statista <\/em>dos\u00e1hly ceny ropy ve druh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2022 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty 130 USD za barel – oproti 70 USD v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce – a v\u00fdhled na pokles pod 100 USD v dohledn\u00e9 budoucnosti je pesimistick\u00fd. Podle americk\u00e9ho \u00da\u0159adu pro statistiku dopravy vzrostly ceny benzinu od ledna do \u010dervna 2022 o 49 % a nafty o 55 %. Na vrcholu st\u00e1ly ob\u011b pohonn\u00e9 hmoty v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 USD za galon. Ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b se podobn\u00e1 situace odehr\u00e1vala i v Evrop\u011b: v Norsku dos\u00e1hly ceny benzinu 2,66 eur (2,80 USD) za litr, zat\u00edmco ceny nafty ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii p\u0159es\u00e1hly 2,11 liber (2,59 USD). Jamie Dimon, \u0161\u00e9f banky JPMorgan<\/em>, se v rozhovoru pro CBS vyj\u00e1d\u0159il, \u017ee zat\u00edmco Evropa p\u0159e\u017eije zimu 2022\/23, „tento probl\u00e9m s ropou a plynem bude trvat roky“.<\/p>\n

Mezi t\u011bmito energetick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my by v\u0161ak mohla b\u00fdt i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Tim Harper, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel spole\u010dnosti Element 2<\/em>, se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti budou pro automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl impulsem k urychlen\u00ed investic do vod\u00edkov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Element 2<\/em> je spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 rozv\u00edj\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b vod\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010derpac\u00edch stanic ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Irsku.<\/p>\n

Nic nov\u00e9ho<\/h3>\n

„Ji\u017e p\u0159ed 20 lety se diskutovalo o tom, jak u\u010dinit vod\u00edk ekonomicky \u017eivotaschopn\u00fdm,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Harper. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed technologie skute\u010dn\u011b nen\u00ed ni\u010d\u00edm nov\u00fdm: prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed palivov\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed vod\u00edk byly vyvinuty ji\u017e v roce 1939. „Ale v\u011bt\u0161inou to byl jen akademick\u00fd bod k diskusi – ‚nice to have‘, jen kdyby se poda\u0159ilo vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my se skladov\u00e1n\u00edm, distribuc\u00ed a n\u00e1klady.“ Dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed byla fosiln\u00ed paliva relativn\u011b levn\u00e1 a hojn\u00e1: neexistovala \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 motivace zkoumat alternativu.<\/p>\n

Nicm\u00e9n\u011b trojl\u00edstek priorit akcion\u00e1\u0159\u016f v oblasti ESG, vl\u00e1dou podporovan\u00e9 iniciativy \u010dist\u00e9 nuly a st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed emisn\u00ed normy pro vozidla u\u010dinily z vod\u00edku v posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Koncep\u010dn\u00ed obr\u00e1zek vod\u00edkov\u00e9 \u010derpac\u00ed stanice Element 2<\/em><\/p>\n

Inovativn\u00ed v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f, jako je kalifornsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost Hyperion<\/em>, dokonce tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky o elektromobilech s palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky (FCEV) ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee jsou lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e elektromobily na baterie (BEV). „Toto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed striktn\u011b platn\u00e9 – mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to ekvivalentn\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee bu\u010f benz\u00edn, nebo nafta je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e to druh\u00e9; pot\u0159ebujete oboj\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Harper. Vozidla FCEV jsou podle n\u011bj nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro j\u00edzdu na dlouh\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, zat\u00edmco vozidla BEV jsou vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro j\u00edzdu na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Vozidla FCEV maj\u00ed krat\u0161\u00ed prostoje, proto\u017ee je lze rychleji tankovat, zat\u00edmco jejich n\u00edzk\u00e1 hmotnost (ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vozidly BEV) zvy\u0161uje dojezd.<\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka urychluje zm\u011bny<\/h3>\n

Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho segmentu bude v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku dos\u00e1hnout cenov\u00e9 rovnosti s dieselov\u00fdmi motory. Cena nafty se v sou\u010dasnosti pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 88 a\u017e 109 USD na 100 km, vod\u00edk je st\u00e1le dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 USD. „Domn\u00edvali jsme se v\u0161ak, \u017ee i dosa\u017een\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00ed ceny m\u016f\u017ee trvat je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik let, proto\u017ee se zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdroba ekologick\u00e9ho vod\u00edku. Pak ale rusk\u00e1 invaze na Ukrajinu zv\u00fd\u0161ila ceny nafty o 50 % a tento rozd\u00edl se najednou zmen\u0161il.“ Index cen energi\u00ed pro dom\u00e1cnosti zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00fd ve 4. \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2022 rovn\u011b\u017e zjistil, \u017ee ceny elekt\u0159iny v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b meziro\u010dn\u011b vzrostly o 69 %. Vzta\u017eeno na komer\u010dn\u00ed sektor to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se zv\u00fd\u0161ily i n\u00e1klady na \u00fadr\u017ebu vozov\u00fdch park\u016f BEV. Z t\u011bchto t\u0159\u00ed palivov\u00fdch zdroj\u016f je vod\u00edk jedin\u00fdm, kter\u00fd zlev\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Nedostatek vod\u00edkov\u00fdch \u010derpac\u00edch stanic na v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b trh\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Podle Harpera bylo d\u0159\u00edve kv\u016fli omezen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu osobn\u00edch vozidel na vod\u00edkov\u00fd pohon financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdstavby podp\u016frn\u00e9 infrastruktury nepraktick\u00e9. „Kdy\u017e v\u0161ak spole\u010dnost Element 2<\/em> provedla anal\u00fdzu tohoto segmentu, zjistili jsme dv\u011b v\u011bci: za prv\u00e9, popt\u00e1vku bude ve skute\u010dnosti vytv\u00e1\u0159et sektor t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch vozidel. A za druh\u00e9, tuto popt\u00e1vku lze uspokojit iterativn\u00edm \u0161k\u00e1lov\u00e1n\u00edm.“<\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed c\u00edle v oblasti sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed emis\u00ed uhl\u00edku v Evrop\u011b a USA vedly ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u00edku jako \u010dist\u0161\u00edho paliva pro spalovac\u00ed motory (ICE), zat\u00edmco spole\u010dnost Volvo Trucks dokonce vyvinula speci\u00e1ln\u00ed model s palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky. P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159echod na n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla s nulovou \u010distou spot\u0159ebou m\u016f\u017ee trvat o des\u00edtky let d\u00e9le ne\u017e u lehk\u00fdch vozidel, st\u00e1le existuj\u00ed nejasnosti ohledn\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho v\u00fdznamu ICE. Harper proto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee provozovatel\u00e9 u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel brzy zcela opust\u00ed ICE, aby z\u00edskali v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu z dlouhodob\u00fdch pron\u00e1jm\u016f za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1n Elementu 2<\/em> pro vod\u00edkovou tankovac\u00ed infrastrukturu je postaven na p\u0159edpokladu modul\u00e1rn\u00edho rozvoje: zpo\u010d\u00e1tku by se v ka\u017ed\u00e9 lokalit\u011b vytvo\u0159ila jedna nebo dv\u011b pumpy, a jakmile by popt\u00e1vka v dan\u00e9 oblasti vzrostla natolik, \u017ee by to ospravedlnilo investice, byly by vybudov\u00e1ny stanice v pln\u00e9 velikosti. „Samotn\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vybudov\u00e1na ze st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch zast\u00e1vek pro kamiony,“ dod\u00e1v\u00e1 Harper. „Tam budou vozidla jezdit tak jako tak, vyu\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktury urychl\u00ed implementaci a umo\u017en\u00ed rychl\u00fd r\u016fst vozov\u00fdch park\u016f FCEV a p\u0159edprodejn\u00ed m\u00edsta si udr\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvnost.“ Uv\u00e1d\u00ed tak\u00e9, \u017ee d\u00edky tomuto p\u0159\u00edstupu by mohla b\u00fdt v\u00fdroba vod\u00edku cenov\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdroba ropy a plynu, proto\u017ee by mohla soub\u011b\u017en\u011b r\u016fst nab\u00eddka i popt\u00e1vka.<\/p>\n

M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se postoje<\/h3>\n

Sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 f\u00f3rum p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee do roku 2050 by vod\u00edk mohl p\u0159edstavovat 12 % celosv\u011btov\u00e9 spot\u0159eby energie, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010c\u00edna, EU a Indie by se mohly st\u00e1t l\u00eddry ve v\u00fdrob\u011b. Harper dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee do vod\u00edku investuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zem\u011b s fosiln\u00edmi palivy na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, Malajsie a Austr\u00e1lie, aby zajistily budoucnost sv\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. „V celosv\u011btov\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku se vod\u00edk zm\u011bnil z „mo\u017en\u00e1“ u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho na jednozna\u010dn\u011b v\u00fdhodn\u00fd,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Harper sice st\u00e1le trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee d\u00edky velikosti u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel je jejich integrace s vod\u00edkov\u00fdm pohonem v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b snaz\u0161\u00ed, ale z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska pova\u017euje hmotnost vozidel BEV za problematickou pro lehk\u00e1 osobn\u00ed vozidla. „Modely jako Audi E-Tron p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed k z\u00e1kladn\u00ed hmotnosti karoserie 800 kg bateri\u00ed a tato hmotnost nav\u00edc znamen\u00e1 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed dojezdu.“ Preference v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f v oblasti tvaru karoserie, v posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm SUV, mohou do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry kompenzovat pot\u0159ebn\u00fd dodate\u010dn\u00fd prostor pro baterie. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b modely FCEV v tomto segmentu, jako je Toyota Mirai (uveden\u00e1 na trh v roce 2014) a Hyundai Nexo (2018), ji\u017e prok\u00e1zaly potenci\u00e1l vod\u00edku. Podle Harperova n\u00e1zoru to byly p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1klady a nedostupnost tankov\u00e1n\u00ed vozidel FCEV, kter\u00e9 vedly k tomu, \u017ee se pr\u016fmysl m\u00edsto toho soust\u0159edil na vozidla BEV.<\/p>\n

„Kl\u00ed\u010dovou v\u00fdhodou vod\u00edku je, \u017ee jeho spr\u00e1vn\u011b zaveden\u00e1 infrastruktura pro tankov\u00e1n\u00ed se nebude z\u00e1sadn\u011b li\u0161it od rychl\u00e9ho tankov\u00e1n\u00ed benzinu\/nafty, na kter\u00e9 jsou spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 zvykl\u00ed,“ \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. To kontrastuje s nab\u00edjen\u00edm BEV, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat od 30 minut do 12 hodin. Pokud se vliv rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky na ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot nezm\u011bn\u00ed, uzav\u00edr\u00e1 Harper, mohlo by do konce desetilet\u00ed doj\u00edt k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu segmentu lehk\u00fdch vozidel FCEV.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vliv rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu na dom\u00e1c\u00ed automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl byl obecn\u011b negativn\u00ed z hlediska r\u016fstu a rozvoje. Analytici v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 krize prohlouben\u00e1 v\u00e1lkou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed situaci na \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m trhu i mimo n\u011bj. Podle spole\u010dnosti Statista dos\u00e1hly ceny ropy ve druh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2022 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hodnoty 130 USD za barel – oproti 70 USD v […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":21982,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVysok\u00e9 ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot urychluj\u00ed rozvoj vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/vysoke-ceny-pohonnych-hmot-urychluji-rozvoj-vodikoveho-hospodarstvi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vysok\u00e9 ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot urychluj\u00ed rozvoj vod\u00edkov\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vliv rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu na dom\u00e1c\u00ed automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl byl obecn\u011b negativn\u00ed z hlediska r\u016fstu a rozvoje. Analytici v\u0161ak upozor\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 krize prohlouben\u00e1 v\u00e1lkou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zhor\u0161\u00ed situaci na \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm evropsk\u00e9m trhu i mimo n\u011bj. 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