{"id":21590,"date":"2022-11-14T15:38:35","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T14:38:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=21590"},"modified":"2022-11-30T17:07:41","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T16:07:41","slug":"vesmirna-technologie-by-mohla-umoznit-triminutovou-dobu-nabijeni-ev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/vesmirna-technologie-by-mohla-umoznit-triminutovou-dobu-nabijeni-ev\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 technologie by mohla umo\u017enit t\u0159\u00edminutovou dobu nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV"},"content":{"rendered":"

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie chlazen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 pro NASA by mohla usnadnit ultra rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed a minimalizovat investice do infrastruktury.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va ze srpna 2022 zadan\u00e1 Fuels Institute<\/em> odhaduje, \u017ee prodej nov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch vozidel (EV) v USA dos\u00e1hne do roku 2030 2,8 milionu. To by se ve stejn\u00e9m roce prom\u00edtlo na 18,1 milionu elektromobil\u016f v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm provozu.<\/p>\n

Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura<\/em> (IEA) v sou\u010dasnosti doporu\u010duje pom\u011br jedn\u00e9 nab\u00edje\u010dky na ka\u017ed\u00fdch deset vozidel. Na br\u00edfinku v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b v \u010dervnu 2022 se v\u0161ak Biden-Harrisova administrativa zav\u00e1zala vybudovat b\u011bhem p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch sedmi a p\u016fl roku novou s\u00ed\u0165 s pouh\u00fdmi 500 000 nab\u00edje\u010dkami. V kombinaci se 47 000 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi nab\u00edjec\u00edmi m\u00edsty by to p\u0159edstavovalo pouze 30 % optim\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacity. Jak m\u016f\u017ee infrastruktura p\u0159i takov\u00e9m deficitu adekv\u00e1tn\u011b podporovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed elektromobil\u016f?<\/p>\n

Od ISS po elektromobily<\/h3>\n

Issam Mudawar, profesor strojn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed na Purdue University<\/em>, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee spolupr\u00e1ce jeho t\u00fdmu s NASA by mohla nab\u00eddnout \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eOd roku 2011 NASA hodn\u011b investovala do na\u0161eho konceptu experimentu s pr\u016ftokov\u00fdm varem a kondenzac\u00ed (FBCE),\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. Samotn\u00fd FBCE zahrnuje za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed oh\u0159\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016ftokov\u00fd kan\u00e1l obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed chladic\u00ed kapalinu do bodu, kdy se va\u0159\u00ed a vypa\u0159uje. Kapalina je v podchlazen\u00e9m stavu (pod jej\u00edm b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm bodem varu) a drobn\u00e9 bublinky vznikl\u00e9 b\u011bhem procesu neust\u00e1le nas\u00e1vaj\u00ed tekutinu z vnit\u0159n\u00edho kan\u00e1lu ke st\u011bn\u00e1m kan\u00e1lu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mu odv\u00e1d\u011bt velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed tepla z mal\u00fdch ploch. \u201ePrvn\u00ed modul FBCE jsme dodali v srpnu 2021 a testov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b provedeno ve 2. \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2022,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1. P\u016fvodn\u00ed aplikace t\u00e9to technologie m\u011bla usnadnit rychl\u00e9 p\u0159enosy energie na palub\u011b Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 stanice (ISS).<\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli byl FBCE p\u016fvodn\u011b vyvinut pro vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 aplikace, jeho potenci\u00e1l v automobilov\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu byl brzy rozpozn\u00e1n. \u201eFord n\u00e1s oslovil, abychom probrali \u0159adu projekt\u016f. Jedn\u00edm z nich bylo zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zlep\u0161it dod\u00e1vku energie do elektrick\u00fdch vozidel: nejpokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed nab\u00edje\u010dky jsou dnes omezeny na 500 A, co\u017e poskytuje dobu pln\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 20 minut, co\u017e je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pomal\u00e9 pro v\u011bt\u0161inu silni\u010dn\u00edch aplikac\u00ed,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Mudawar. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum jeho t\u00fdmu potvrdil, \u017ee pomal\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u011b ovlivnilo pocity spot\u0159ebitel\u016f: \u201eVe skute\u010dnosti to byl bod l\u00edtosti nad vlastnictv\u00edm EV.\u201c<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna v nab\u00edjen\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Mudawar a jeho t\u00fdm n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyvinuli za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed FBCE v kontextu nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV. Nevodiv\u00e1 (dielektrick\u00e1) kapalina se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak, aby chladic\u00ed kapalina mohla b\u00fdt v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m kontaktu s bateri\u00ed, ani\u017e by do\u0161lo k po\u0161kozen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Aby se doby pln\u00e9ho nabit\u00ed zkr\u00e1tily do p\u011bti minut, musely by syst\u00e9my poskytovat proud 1 400 A. Mudawar odhaluje, \u017ee pou\u017eit\u00ed princip\u016f podchlazen\u00e9ho pr\u016ftokov\u00e9ho varu m\u016f\u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161it tento proud alespo\u0148 na 2 400 A a zkr\u00e1tit dobu nab\u00edjen\u00ed na pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i minuty \u2013 \u201ea to v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed limit\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Profesor Issam Mudawar (uprost\u0159ed) a jeho studenti<\/em><\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b by toto zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kapacity, \u0161iroce uplat\u0148ovan\u00e9, umo\u017enilo dob\u00edjen\u00ed o 460 % rychleji ne\u017e pou\u017eit\u00ed nejrychlej\u0161\u00edho nab\u00edjec\u00edho bodu z roku 2022. Podle Mudawara, pokud by se toto stalo nov\u00fdm pr\u016fm\u011brem, sn\u00ed\u017eila by se pot\u0159eba roz\u0161i\u0159ovat po\u010det stanic: \u201eV\u0161ude je enormn\u00ed tlak na budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch dob\u00edjec\u00edch stanic, ale ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina by mohla b\u00fdt zastaral\u00e1 b\u011bhem dvou nebo t\u0159\u00ed let. .\u201c<\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b by umo\u017enilo dob\u00edjen\u00ed o 460 % rychleji v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed nab\u00edje\u010dkou sou\u010dasnosti. Podle Mudawara, pokud by se toto stalo nov\u00fdm standardem, sn\u00ed\u017eila by se pot\u0159eba roz\u0161i\u0159ovat po\u010det stanic: \u201eV\u0161ude je enormn\u00ed tlak na budov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch dob\u00edjec\u00edch stanic, ale ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina by mohla b\u00fdt zastaral\u00e1 b\u011bhem dvou nebo t\u0159\u00ed let.\u201c<\/p>\n

Tento probl\u00e9m pokra\u010duje a nen\u00ed \u0161iroce diskutov\u00e1n v automobilov\u00e9 komunit\u011b, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 zam\u011b\u0159ena na pouh\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed infrastruktury. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 generace 500A nab\u00edje\u010dek by v\u0161ak vy\u017eadovala n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 dovybaven\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b kabel\u016f a vnit\u0159n\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed, aby pojala proud 2 400 A. Rozprost\u0159eno ve velk\u00e9 s\u00edti by to bylo ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b drah\u00e9 a \u010dasov\u011b n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Purdue University<\/em> do v\u00fdstavby nov\u00fdch jednotek Mudawar odhaduje, \u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed nab\u00edje\u010dek pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch v USA by se mohlo sn\u00ed\u017eit o 400 %. P\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed odhadu Fuel Institute<\/em> 18,1 milionu funk\u010dn\u00edch EV do roku 2030 by to znamenalo 450 000 nab\u00edje\u010dek po cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdzvy<\/h3>\n

Snahy o zaveden\u00ed t\u00e9to formy ultrarychl\u00e9ho nab\u00edjen\u00ed komplikuje mno\u017estv\u00ed konfigurac\u00ed bateri\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v sou\u010dasn\u00fdch EV. \u0160kodliv\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek nab\u00edjen\u00ed lithium-iontov\u00e9 baterie na 100 % je dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m, ale p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz, \u017ee rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b po\u0161kozuje nebo nepo\u0161kozuje \u010dl\u00e1nky, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b stanoven. Podobn\u011b nejasn\u00fd je vliv na v\u00fdkon u nov\u00fdch konfigurac\u00ed, jako je sod\u00edk-iont, ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk-iont nebo zinek-iont.<\/p>\n

Jako dal\u0161\u00ed krok se proto t\u00fdm na Purdue University<\/em> sna\u017e\u00ed spolupracovat s v\u00fdrobci bateri\u00ed na experiment\u00e1ln\u00edm ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u016ftokov\u00e9ho varu a kondenzace. \u201eChlazen\u00ed baterie mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ekonfigurov\u00e1no v z\u00e1vislosti na pou\u017eit\u00fdch materi\u00e1lech a konstrukci. Odvod tepla bude nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou elektrifikace,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Mudawar. Tato v\u00fdzva je rozd\u011blena do dvou oblast\u00ed: vnit\u0159n\u00ed komponenty (vstupn\u00ed z\u00e1str\u010dka, baterie a motor) a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komponenty (nab\u00edjec\u00ed stanice, kabel a z\u00e1str\u010dka). Probl\u00e9my tepeln\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vy\u0159e\u0161eny pro ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich sou\u010dasn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eDal\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee tomuto odv\u011btv\u00ed chyb\u00ed odborn\u00e9 znalosti, pokud jde o elektromobily,\u201c dod\u00e1v\u00e1. Tento probl\u00e9m je zp\u016fsoben p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm rychl\u00fdm tempem elektrifikace v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed a lze jej vid\u011bt na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni \u2013 britsk\u00fd institut automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1, \u017ee popt\u00e1vka po technic\u00edch do roku 2027 p\u0159ev\u00fd\u0161\u00ed nab\u00eddku. Mudawar v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee bude nezbytn\u00e9 podpo\u0159it zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na tuto technologii na univerzitn\u00ed \u00farovni \u2013 Purdue<\/em> \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u00e9 vysoko\u0161kol\u00e1ky, aby vytvo\u0159ili prototyp \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tepeln\u00e9ho managementu elektromobil\u016f.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1v\u011br Mudawar zd\u016fraz\u0148uje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli, kterou mohou sehr\u00e1t vl\u00e1dy v tom, aby se t\u0159\u00edminutov\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed stalo \u0161iroce dostupnou realitou. Sektor elektromobil\u016f se vyzna\u010duje rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lou z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran, od OEM a utilitn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed po v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 univerzity a mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, jak navrhuje, dr\u017e\u00ed kousek skl\u00e1da\u010dky a jejich spolupr\u00e1ce mus\u00ed b\u00fdt usnadn\u011bna v\u0161ude, kde je to mo\u017en\u00e9. \u201eUSA maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik program\u016f na feder\u00e1ln\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni, jako je grant Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR)<\/em>, kter\u00fd by to mohl umo\u017enit. C\u00edlem by m\u011blo b\u00fdt umo\u017enit i velmi mal\u00fdm spole\u010dnostem m\u00edt velk\u00fd vliv na tyto \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 projekty.\u201c<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie chlazen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 pro NASA by mohla usnadnit ultra rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed a minimalizovat investice do infrastruktury. Zpr\u00e1va ze srpna 2022 zadan\u00e1 Fuels Institute odhaduje, \u017ee prodej nov\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch vozidel (EV) v USA dos\u00e1hne do roku 2030 2,8 milionu. To by se ve stejn\u00e9m roce prom\u00edtlo na 18,1 milionu elektromobil\u016f v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm provozu. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":21591,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nVesm\u00edrn\u00e1 technologie by mohla umo\u017enit t\u0159\u00edminutovou dobu nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/vesmirna-technologie-by-mohla-umoznit-triminutovou-dobu-nabijeni-ev\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 technologie by mohla umo\u017enit t\u0159\u00edminutovou dobu nab\u00edjen\u00ed EV\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie chlazen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b navr\u017een\u00e1 pro NASA by mohla usnadnit ultra rychl\u00e9 nab\u00edjen\u00ed a minimalizovat investice do infrastruktury. 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