{"id":20159,"date":"2022-04-07T11:37:44","date_gmt":"2022-04-07T09:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/?p=20159"},"modified":"2022-04-08T11:58:33","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T09:58:33","slug":"mohly-by-ruske-sankce-zlepsit-evropskou-automobilovou-vyrobu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/mohly-by-ruske-sankce-zlepsit-evropskou-automobilovou-vyrobu\/","title":{"rendered":"Mohly by rusk\u00e9 sankce zlep\u0161it evropskou automobilovou v\u00fdrobu?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 automobilky p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rusk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch, mohl trh s nov\u00fdmi vozidly zaznamenat neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 technick\u00e9 inovace.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dopad rusk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed na evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nad\u00e1le roste. V\u00fdrobci se siln\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm v regionu se ji\u017e pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s n\u00edzkou dostupnost\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f, proto\u017ee dovozn\u00ed a v\u00fdvozn\u00ed sazby sni\u017euj\u00ed dod\u00e1vky materi\u00e1lu v Rusku a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed n\u00e1klady na komponenty. Konflikt po\u0161kodil d\u016fv\u011bru v\u00fdrobc\u016f nejen v rusk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, ale tak\u00e9 ve schopnost tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed efektivn\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a vyv\u00e1\u017eet vozidla.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1vody koncernu Volkswagen v Kaluze a Ni\u017en\u00edm Novgorodu zastavuj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu a\u017e do odvol\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee od roku 2007 investovaly 1 miliardu EUR (1,097 miliardy USD) do v\u00fdvoje. Renault tak\u00e9 \u00fadajn\u011b uva\u017euje o p\u0159evodu vlastnictv\u00ed AvtoVAZ, kter\u00fd vyr\u00e1b\u00ed vozy Lada, na m\u00edstn\u00edho investora navzdory ned\u00e1vn\u00e9mu pos\u00edlen\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d podzna\u010dkou Renault Dacia. Sou\u010dasn\u011b Stellantis tak\u00e9 ukon\u010dil v\u00fdrobu lehk\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel, jako je Peugeot Expert ve sv\u00e9m z\u00e1vod\u011b v Kaluze, z d\u016fvodu probl\u00e9m\u016f s dod\u00e1vkami.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vody Volkswagenu v Rusku a\u017e do odvol\u00e1n\u00ed zastavuj\u00ed v\u00fdrobu, a to i p\u0159es investice ve v\u00fd\u0161i 1 miliardy eur od roku 2007<\/em><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Evropa je jedn\u00edm z jej\u00edch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch exportn\u00edch trh\u016f, sankce Rusku zabr\u00e1nily v prodeji materi\u00e1l\u016f, jako je ocel, palladium \u2013 kov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v katalyz\u00e1torech \u2013 a hlin\u00edk v\u00fdrobc\u016fm. Igor Korovkin, v\u00fdkonn\u00fd \u0159editel Asociace rusk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f, poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee by to mohlo urychlit rychl\u00fd p\u0159echod evropsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, co\u017e by m\u011blo dopad na dostupnost materi\u00e1l\u016f a komponent\u016f a tak\u00e9 na celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vozidla. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201esankce budou m\u00edt dopad p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na trh s osobn\u00edmi vozidly, co\u017e povede k omezen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu vozidel dostupn\u00fdch k prodeji a naru\u0161\u00ed po\u010det model\u016f.\u201c Dod\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201es ur\u010dit\u00fdm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm mohou mezeru na trhu zaplnit asij\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci, kte\u0159\u00ed aktivn\u011b podporuj\u00ed rozvoj v\u00fdroby vozidel v mnoha zem\u00edch nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Evropsko-asijskou hospod\u00e1\u0159skou uni\u00ed\u201c, ale varuje, \u017ee p\u0159echod bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b dlouhodob\u00fd proces.<\/p>\n

Probl\u00e9my s drah\u00fdmi kovy<\/h3>\n

Evrop\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci se odkl\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed od pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f, proto\u017ee dal\u0161\u00ed sankce omezuj\u00ed \u017eivotaschopnost a dostupnost vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu pro v\u00fdrobu automobil\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u011bmecko je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rusk\u00fdch odb\u011bratel\u016f hlin\u00edku a oceli v Evrop\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b v pr\u016fm\u011bru zad\u00e1vaj\u00ed objedn\u00e1vky v hodnot\u011b 355 milion\u016f USD, co\u017e je, podle Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy, zhruba 29 % exportu zem\u011b. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku konfliktu v \u00fanoru 2022 v\u0161ak kancl\u00e9\u0159 Olaf Schulz na\u0159\u00eddil embargo na ve\u0161kerou ruskou ocel. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup replikuj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, aby ochr\u00e1nily sv\u016fj dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se pokusily sn\u00ed\u017eit hodnotu rusk\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f. Studie spole\u010dnosti McKinsey nazna\u010duje, \u017ee omezen\u00ed schopnosti Ruska obchodovat s automobilov\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem podn\u011bcuje obavy z glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nedostatku drah\u00fdch kov\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u00fdroby vozidel, jako je slitinov\u00e1 ocel a palladium, z nich\u017e 38 % se celosv\u011btov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v Rusku.<\/p>\n

Korovkin \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee to oslabuje v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacitu pro nov\u00e9 a st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed modely vozidel montovan\u00fdch v Rusku, co\u017e m\u00e1 za n\u00e1sledek n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u0159adn\u00edk\u016f a nedostatek model\u016f. To tak\u00e9 \u201eurychluje r\u016fst cen v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho hodnotov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby vozidel, co\u017e d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f na vozidla pro spot\u0159ebitele\u201c. Pokra\u010duje a \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ejedin\u00e1 jistota, p\u0159ed kterou evropsk\u00fd sektor stoj\u00ed, je, \u017ee omezen\u00ed v\u00fdroby spole\u010dnost\u00ed jako Volkswagen, Mercedes a do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry Stellantis omez\u00ed jejich evropskou hodnotu, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce spot\u0159ebitel\u016f m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee s n\u00e1kupem a p\u0159evzet\u00edm jejich nov\u00fdch vozidel. .\u201c P\u0159i pohledu do budoucna Korovkin o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce z\u016fstanou do roku 2030 naru\u0161eny, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce v\u00fdrobc\u016f bude bojovat o udr\u017een\u00ed produktivity. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdrobn\u00ed z\u00e1vody zaznamenaj\u00ed posun sm\u011brem k \u201en\u00edzko \u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 (m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50%) lokalizaci v\u00fdroby automobilov\u00fdch komponent\u016f\u201c v Evrop\u011b a Rusku.<\/p>\n

Komponentov\u00e1 nejistota<\/h3>\n

Rusk\u00e9 sankce tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed dostupnost komponent\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu nov\u00fdch vozidel. I kdy\u017e Rusko nem\u00e1 velk\u00fd dom\u00e1c\u00ed mikro\u010dipov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, udr\u017euje \u00fazk\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi dodavateli a tchajwanskou TSMC. Korovkin poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201ejak se evrop\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci s popt\u00e1vkou komponent\u016f p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed do asijsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jako je \u010c\u00edna a Indie, nov\u00e9 trhy vozidel by mohly zaznamenat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f, co\u017e s sebou p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edliv nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed do evropsk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Trhy s nov\u00fdmi vozidly by mohly zaznamenat hlub\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch dodavatel\u016f<\/em><\/p>\n

Korovkin v\u0161ak varuje, \u017ee vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 monopol na v\u00fdrobu \u010dip\u016f a obvodov\u00fdch desek, v\u00fdrobci by mohli v konfliktu brzy zaujmout zranitelnou pozici. „Pokud Z\u00e1pad uval\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed sankce na rusk\u00e9 dodavatele, z\u00e1vislost spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f a komponent\u016f.“ P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee by to mohlo \u010c\u00ednu vyprovokovat k tomu, aby v reakci na to od\u0159\u00edzla z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00fdrobce od dovozu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch komponent\u016f. To by mohlo znamenat, \u017ee trhy nov\u00fdch osobn\u00edch vozidel mohou zaznamenat n\u00e1r\u016fst vozidel s omezen\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi funkcemi. Nedostatek komponent by tak\u00e9 mohl posunout evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl sm\u011brem k architektu\u0159e zalo\u017een\u00e9 na softwaru, kter\u00e1 by nahradila mikro\u010dipy softwarem a \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi typu system-on-a-chip. Americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e tuto slu\u017ebu poskytuj\u00ed, jako je Sonatus, zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed rostouc\u00ed trend a spole\u010dnosti jako Hyundai tento p\u0159\u00edstup vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed dopadu pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho nedostatku \u010dip\u016f.<\/p>\n

Sankce na pohonn\u00e9 hmoty<\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed, kterou rusk\u00e9 sankce zas\u00e1hly nejtvrd\u011bji, byla prudce rostouc\u00ed cena ropy a plynu, kter\u00e1 vedla k r\u016fstu cen benz\u00ednu a nafty a v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu pov\u011bdom\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie o jej\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na rusk\u00fdch fosiln\u00edch palivech. \u201eKonflikt zv\u00fd\u0161il z\u00e1jem o vod\u00edkov\u00e1 a elektrick\u00e1 vozidla, proto\u017ee st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u0159idi\u010d\u016f se sna\u017e\u00ed zm\u00edrnit dopad rostouc\u00edch cen paliva na jejich rozpo\u010dty,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sam Akehurst, profesor a z\u00e1stupce akademick\u00e9ho \u0159editele Institutu pokro\u010dil\u00fdch automobilov\u00fdch pohonn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f. University of Bath, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee a\u010dkoli konflikt zv\u00fd\u0161il n\u00e1klady a obt\u00ed\u017enost t\u011b\u017eby drah\u00fdch kov\u016f pro v\u00fdrobu bateri\u00ed v Evrop\u011b, \u201etak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161il pou\u017eitelnost elektrick\u00fdch vozidel\u201c.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Invaze tak\u00e9 znamenala prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst cen benz\u00ednu a nafty v Evrop\u011b<\/em><\/p>\n

Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed cena paliva signalizuje nejen spot\u0159ebitel\u016fm, \u201eale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrobc\u016fm, \u017ee elektrick\u00e1 vozidla a vozidla s vod\u00edkov\u00fdmi palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed spolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a st\u00e1le ziskov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm trhem, a to navzdory n\u011bkter\u00fdm nedostatk\u016fm sou\u010d\u00e1stek a materi\u00e1l\u016f. \u0158\u00edk\u00e1 tak\u00e9, \u017ee jak si evrop\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci odvykaj\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na rusk\u00fdch palivech, \u201ev\u00edce dodavatel\u016f a v\u00fdrobc\u016f pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b investuje to, co by bylo vynalo\u017eeno na rusk\u00e9 zdroje, do alternativn\u00edch paliv\u201c. Studie spole\u010dnosti LMC Automotive z roku 2022 potvrzuje, \u017ee spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 trendy osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed elektromobil\u016f a vod\u00edkov\u00fdch vozidel by mohla urychlit krize v oblasti paliv a komponent\u016f, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011bje v\u00edce v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f nab\u00edzet nov\u00e1 vozidla s alternativn\u00edm pohonem. Studie v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 podporuje Korovkin\u016fv n\u00e1vrh, \u017ee rychl\u00fd odklon od rusk\u00fdch zdroj\u016f by mohl d\u00e1le p\u0159isp\u011bt k sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu nedostatku evropsk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed kroky<\/h3>\n

Budoucnost evropsk\u00e9ho automobilov\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v rovnov\u00e1ze. V kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu sankce nut\u00ed v\u00fdrobce p\u0159ehodnotit sv\u00e9 \u0159ady vozidel a schopnosti vyr\u00e1b\u011bt \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 luxusn\u00ed modely. Z dlouhodob\u00e9ho hlediska v\u0161ak v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f p\u0159esouvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed od v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch investic zp\u011bt k dodavatelsk\u00e9mu \u0159et\u011bzci orientovan\u00e9mu na Asii, kter\u00fd by mohl usnadnit rychlej\u0161\u00ed pokrok sm\u011brem k lep\u0161\u00ed technick\u00e9 integraci do architektury vozidel. Navzdory tomu by se n\u00e1klady mohly zv\u00fd\u0161it, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee trh s nov\u00fdmi vozidly by mohl \u010delit poklesu p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, proto\u017ee v\u00edce v\u00fdrobc\u016f trp\u00ed nedostatkem komponent\u016f a materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 automobilky p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rusk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch, mohl trh s nov\u00fdmi vozidly zaznamenat neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 technick\u00e9 inovace. Dopad rusk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed na evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nad\u00e1le roste. V\u00fdrobci se siln\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm v regionu se ji\u017e pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s n\u00edzkou dostupnost\u00ed d\u00edl\u016f, proto\u017ee dovozn\u00ed a v\u00fdvozn\u00ed sazby sni\u017euj\u00ed dod\u00e1vky materi\u00e1lu v Rusku a zvy\u0161uj\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":81,"featured_media":20160,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMohly by rusk\u00e9 sankce zlep\u0161it evropskou automobilovou v\u00fdrobu? | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/mohly-by-ruske-sankce-zlepsit-evropskou-automobilovou-vyrobu\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mohly by rusk\u00e9 sankce zlep\u0161it evropskou automobilovou v\u00fdrobu?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee evropsk\u00e9 automobilky p\u0159estaly b\u00fdt z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na rusk\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch, mohl trh s nov\u00fdmi vozidly zaznamenat neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 technick\u00e9 inovace. Dopad rusk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed na evropsk\u00fd automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nad\u00e1le roste. 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