{"id":14991,"date":"2021-09-06T11:09:21","date_gmt":"2021-09-06T09:09:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/?p=14991"},"modified":"2021-09-06T11:29:47","modified_gmt":"2021-09-06T09:29:47","slug":"automotive-kompozity-urychluji-zelenejsi-budoucnost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/cs\/automotive-kompozity-urychluji-zelenejsi-budoucnost\/","title":{"rendered":"Automotive: kompozity urychluj\u00ed zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rob Walker vysv\u011btluje, jak mohou polymerov\u00e9 kompozity zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon elektrick\u00fdch vozidel<\/p>\n

Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve sl\u00edbila, \u017ee do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 68% emis\u00ed CO2 ve snaze \u010delit zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, a ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1kaz benz\u00ednov\u00fdch a naftov\u00fdch automobil\u016f od roku 2030. Nyn\u00ed u\u010dinila n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch krok\u016f s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit emise ekvivalentu CO2 o 78% do roku 2035 zakotven\u00fdch v z\u00e1kon\u011b v dubnu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku a prodej nov\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel s naftou a benz\u00ednem ve Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii bude od roku 2040 zak\u00e1z\u00e1n podle vl\u00e1dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu dekarbonizace dopravy zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9ho 14. \u010dervence. Ke spln\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto c\u00edl\u016f mus\u00ed b\u00fdt t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovina britsk\u00fdch vozidel do roku 2030 elektrick\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie nen\u00ed sama, kdo vede p\u0159echod k elektromobil\u016fm – ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ijat\u00fd legislativn\u00ed bal\u00ed\u010dek \u201eFit for 55<\/a>\u201c Evropskou komis\u00ed obsahuje revidovan\u00e9 normy pro vozidla s CO2, s term\u00ednem do roku 2035 pro ukon\u010den\u00ed prodeje benz\u00ednov\u00fdch a naftov\u00fdch vozidel a rozvoj nab\u00edjec\u00ed infrastruktury pod\u00e9l transevropsk\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm z\u00e1jmem spot\u0159ebitel\u016f je omezen\u00fd dojezd elektromobil\u016f. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed kapacity baterie je jedn\u00edm ze zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it dojezd. Alternativn\u011b a pokud mo\u017eno, zlep\u0161en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti vozidla bude znamenat, \u017ee baterie vydr\u017e\u00ed d\u00e9le a elektromobily mohou cestovat d\u00e1le. Vozidla za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed odpor d\u00edky aerodynamick\u00e9mu odporu, valiv\u00e9mu odporu a hmotnosti, co\u017e v\u0161e limituje dojezd elektromobil\u016f. Polymern\u00ed kompozity, v\u010detn\u011b polymeru vyztu\u017een\u00e9ho uhl\u00edkov\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny (nebo jednodu\u0161e uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken), kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hmotnost a tvarov\u011b mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed flexibilitu ne\u017e kov, mohou pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit v\u0161echny t\u0159i.<\/p>\n

Atraktivn\u00ed automobilov\u00e9 aplikace<\/h3>\n

Navzdory v\u00fdhod\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed, je jednou z hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdzev p\u0159i nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed ocelov\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch prvk\u016f kompozity to, \u017ee n\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdrobu mohou b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. To je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed kompozit\u016f do s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel; zde jsou n\u00e1klady mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starosti ne\u017e u n\u011bkolika vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch vozidel s n\u00edzk\u00fdm objemem v\u00fdroby, u nich\u017e bylo dosud p\u0159ijet\u00ed p\u0159ijato.<\/p>\n

\"Bcomp<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Volvo Polestar spolupracuje se spole\u010dnost\u00ed Bcomp na dvou z t\u011bchto kompozit\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed hru<\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Elektromobily p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed ohnisko v\u00fdvoje n\u00e1kladov\u011b konkurenceschopn\u00fdch kompozitn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed: po\u010det d\u00edl\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed po\u017eadavky a omezen\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jejich ekvivalenty ve vozidlech se spalovac\u00edm motorem, nebo jsou zcela nov\u00e9, je zna\u010dn\u00fd. Radik\u00e1ln\u011bji, vzestup autonomn\u00edch vozidel, doufejme, \u017ee n\u00e1s opust\u00ed my\u0161lenka, \u017ee vozidla budou ocelov\u00fdmi boxy s \u0159adami sedadel sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch dop\u0159edu-ur\u010dit\u011b vzniknou nov\u00e9 tvary unibody r\u00e1mu, aby vyu\u017eily v\u00fdhody cestuj\u00edc\u00edch, kte\u0159\u00ed nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed \u010delit vozovce nebo ovl\u00e1dat vozidlo. . Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto posledn\u00edm bod\u011b maj\u00ed kompozity dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdraznou v\u00fdhodu: snadnost vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u011b tvarovan\u00fdch struktur. U elektromobil\u016f to bude v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 v\u00fdhoda. Futuristicky vypadaj\u00edc\u00ed elektricky poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 sol\u00e1rn\u00ed vozidlo Aptera Motors, kter\u00e9 ned\u00e1vno obdr\u017eelo p\u0159edobjedn\u00e1vky v hodnot\u011b 250 milion\u016f USD, m\u00e1 kompozitn\u00ed monokokov\u00fd podvozek a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u0159adu dal\u0161\u00edch kompozitn\u00edch konstrukc\u00ed, aby vozidlu poskytlo vysoce aerodynamick\u00fd tvar a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b n\u00edzkou hmotnost. V\u00fdsledek: dojezd v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 000 mil – p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dty\u0159n\u00e1sobek vozidel s podobn\u011b velk\u00fdmi bateriemi!<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n

V\u00fdroba pro masy<\/h3>\n

N\u00e1klady na materi\u00e1l v\u0161ak nejsou jedinou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou, kterou je t\u0159eba kompozity odstranit. Integrace do st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch linek je dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou. I po identifikaci p\u0159\u00edpadu pou\u017eit\u00ed pro kompozity m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pro komponentu velkou v\u00fdzvou dos\u00e1hnout po\u017eadovan\u00e9 rychlosti uveden\u00ed na trh. Je to \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b proto, \u017ee kompozity maj\u00ed mnoho mo\u017enost\u00ed, pokud jde o v\u00fdb\u011br vl\u00e1ken, v\u00fdb\u011br prysky\u0159ice a zp\u016fsob jejich kombinace, zat\u00edmco kovy jsou pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Po optimalizaci designu nen\u00ed ani v\u00fdroba jednoduch\u00e1. Forma pro p\u0159enos prysky\u0159ice, kde je p\u0159edlisek such\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken (sestava p\u0159edem tvarovan\u00fdch vrstev such\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken) um\u00edst\u011bna ve form\u011b n\u00e1sledn\u011b vst\u0159ikovan\u00e9 prysky\u0159ic\u00ed, je technologi\u00ed vedouc\u00ed k masov\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b kompozit\u016f. St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed s vysok\u00fdmi n\u00e1klady na n\u00e1stroje a odborn\u00e9 znalosti v jejich pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou mimo leteck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9. Ob\u011b tyto bari\u00e9ry by se m\u011bly zmen\u0161ovat, proto\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kompozit\u016f v automobilov\u00e9m odv\u011btv\u00ed roste.<\/p>\n

Sn\u00ed\u017eit, znovu pou\u017e\u00edt, recyklovat<\/h3>\n

Na druh\u00e9m konci \u017eivotnosti vozidla le\u017e\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzva: likvidace a recyklace kompozit\u016f. To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee sm\u011brnice EU o vozidlech s ukon\u010denou \u017eivotnost\u00ed vy\u017eaduje, aby 85% vozidel (podle hmotnosti) bylo znovu pou\u017eito nebo recyklov\u00e1no, ale je to obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 d\u00edky sm\u011bsi slo\u017eek v kompozitech. Polymern\u00ed kompozity jsou nav\u00edc \u010dasto vyr\u00e1b\u011bny z neobnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, jako je ropa, a v\u00fdroba syntetick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken je obecn\u011b energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1. Do\u0161lo tedy ke zna\u010dn\u00e9mu tlaku na v\u00fdvoj \u201ezelen\u00fdch kompozit\u016f\u201c se sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm dopadem na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zelen\u00e9 kompozity vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jako v\u00fdztu\u017en\u00e1 \u010dinidla p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vl\u00e1kna a\/nebo bioprysky\u0159ice jako polymern\u00ed matrice poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b n\u00edzkohodnotn\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odpadu, a mohou b\u00fdt biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00e9. Energie zapojen\u00e1 do v\u00fdroby zelen\u00fdch kompozit\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt mnohem men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u tradi\u010dn\u00edch kompozit\u016f, tak\u017ee jsou nejen udr\u017eiteln\u00e9, ale mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed celkov\u00fd dopad na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\"Aptera\"<\/p>\n

Aptera pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kompozitn\u00ed monokokov\u00fd podvozek s \u0159adou dal\u0161\u00edch kompozitn\u00edch struktur, aby poskytl vozidlu vysoce aerodynamick\u00fd tvar a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b n\u00edzkou hmotnost<\/p>\n

K dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni bylo pou\u017eit\u00ed zelen\u00fdch kompozit\u016f, stejn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 kompozity, typicky omezeno na vozidla s n\u00edzk\u00fdm objemem v\u00fdroby nebo pro interi\u00e9ry s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel. Spole\u010dnosti se v\u0161ak nyn\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na hromadnou v\u00fdrobu udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch kompozit\u016f pro pou\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u0161ech aspektech vozidel p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed generace.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost Bcomp Ltd. se zam\u011b\u0159uje na v\u00fdrobu kompozit\u016f z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Pou\u017eit\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vl\u00e1kna poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze lnu a kone\u010dn\u00fd kompozit m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt lisov\u00e1n za vzniku automobilov\u00fdch interi\u00e9rov\u00fdch panel\u016f s a\u017e o 70% m\u00e9n\u011b plastu a 50% sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm hmotnosti ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jin\u00fdmi kompozity. Kompozit tak\u00e9 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fdkonu d\u00edl\u016f z uhl\u00edkov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e stopa CO2 je o 75% ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed. BComp je hnac\u00edm motorem jeho p\u0159ijet\u00ed spoluprac\u00ed s mnoha velk\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobci automobil\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Volvo na hybridn\u00edm SUV XC60 a Electric GT na Tesla Model S P100DL.<\/p>\n

Konven\u010dn\u00ed panely karoserie nejsou jedin\u00fdmi sou\u010d\u00e1stmi vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edmi zelen\u00e9 kompozity. Spole\u010dnost TRB Lightweight Structures vyvinula lehk\u00e1 pouzdra na baterie EV vyroben\u00e1 z prysky\u0159ice na b\u00e1zi cukru, kter\u00e1 je 100% odvozena z biomasy zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho odpadu a je vyr\u00e1b\u011bna za n\u00e1kladovou paritu p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b z hlin\u00edku.<\/p>\n

K zelen\u00fdm kompozit\u016fm sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed automobilky. GM ned\u00e1vno podalo n\u011bkolik patentov\u00fdch p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ek pro pou\u017eit\u00ed kompozit\u016f z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch vl\u00e1ken v interi\u00e9rov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1stech vozidel a Ford spolupracuje s Heinzem (ze sl\u00e1vy ke\u010dupu) na v\u00fdvoji kompozit\u016f vyroben\u00fdch z raj\u010datov\u00fdch slupek pro pou\u017eit\u00ed v sou\u010d\u00e1stech budouc\u00edch vozidel.<\/p>\n

U\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed kompozit\u016f lze vyu\u017e\u00edt k poskytnut\u00ed vozidel, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed mo\u017enosti jejich sourozenc\u016f zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch na ocel (a p\u0159itom vypadaj\u00ed n\u00e1padn\u011b), zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud jde o elektromobily. Cesta p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi v\u0161ak nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b jasn\u00e1. Rychlost uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed na trh a v\u00fdroba budou i nad\u00e1le p\u0159edstavovat v\u00fdzvy, dokud nebude p\u0159ekon\u00e1na setrva\u010dnost pr\u016fmyslu postaven\u00e9ho na v\u00fdrob\u011b na b\u00e1zi kov\u016f. Dal\u0161\u00ed inovace a v\u00fdvoj v oblasti udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch kompozit\u016f jsou tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, m\u00e1 -li automobilov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl splnit sv\u00e9 ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed c\u00edle v oblasti udr\u017eitelnosti.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Zdroj: automotiveworld.com<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rob Walker vysv\u011btluje, jak mohou polymerov\u00e9 kompozity zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon elektrick\u00fdch vozidel Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve sl\u00edbila, \u017ee do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 68% emis\u00ed CO2 ve snaze \u010delit zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, a ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1kaz benz\u00ednov\u00fdch a naftov\u00fdch automobil\u016f od roku 2030. Nyn\u00ed u\u010dinila n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch krok\u016f s c\u00edlem sn\u00ed\u017eit emise ekvivalentu CO2 o 78% do roku 2035 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14993,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"kategorie_prispevku":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAutomotive: kompozity urychluj\u00ed zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost | Autoklastr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/autoklastr.cz\/en\/automotive-kompozity-urychluji-zelenejsi-budoucnost\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Automotive: kompozity urychluj\u00ed zelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed budoucnost\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rob Walker vysv\u011btluje, jak mohou polymerov\u00e9 kompozity zv\u00fd\u0161it v\u00fdkon elektrick\u00fdch vozidel Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve sl\u00edbila, \u017ee do roku 2030 sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed 68% emis\u00ed CO2 ve snaze \u010delit zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu, a ozn\u00e1mila z\u00e1kaz benz\u00ednov\u00fdch a naftov\u00fdch automobil\u016f od roku 2030. 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